胡壮麟语言学教程期末考试复习专用笔记(老师画的重点,自己整理的(9)

according to Saussure, is to draw rules from a mass of confused

facts, i.e. to discover the regularities governing all

instances of parole and make them the subject of linguistics.

1.9.4 Competence and performance

According to Chomsky, a language user’s underlying knowledge

about the system of rules is called the linguistic competence,

and the actual use of language in concrete situations is called

performance. Competence enables a speaker to produce and

understand and indefinite number of sentences and to recognize

grammatical mistakes and ambiguities. A speaker’s competence

is stable while his performance is often influenced by

psychological and social factors. So a speaker’s performance

does not always match his supposed competence. Chomsky

believes that linguists ought to study competence, rather than

performance. Chomsky’s competence-performance distinction

is not exactly the same as, though similar to, Saussure’s

langue-parole distinction. Langue is a social product and a

set of conventions of a community, while competence is deemed

as a property of mind of each individual. Saussure looks at

language more from a sociological or sociolinguistic point of

view than Chomsky since the latter deals with his issues

psychologically or psycholinguistically.

百度搜索“77cn”或“免费范文网”即可找到本站免费阅读全部范文。收藏本站方便下次阅读，免费范文网，提供经典小说教育文库胡壮麟语言学教程期末考试复习专用笔记(老师画的重点,自己整理的(9)在线全文阅读。