胡壮麟语言学教程期末考试复习专用笔记(老师画的重点,自己整理的(7)

1.8.3 Anthropological linguistics,

Anthropological linguistics studies the relationship between

language and culture in a community.

1.8.4 Computational linguistics

Computational linguistics is an interdisciplinary field which

centers around the use of computers to process or produce human

language.

1.9 Important distinctions in linguistics

1.9.1 Descriptive vs. prescriptive

To say that linguistics is a descriptive science is to say that

the linguist tries to discover and record the rules to which

the members of a language-community actually conform and does

not seek to impose upon them other rules, or norms, of

correctness.

Prescriptive linguistics aims to lay down rules for the correct

use of language and settle the disputes over usage once and

for all.

For example, “Don’t say X.” is a prescriptive command;

“People don’t say X.” is a descriptive statement. The

distinction lies in prescribing how things ought to be and

describing how things are. In the 18th century, all the main

European languages were studied prescriptively. However,

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