胡壮麟语言学教程期末考试复习专用笔记(老师画的重点,自己整理的(10)

Chapter 2 Speech Sounds

2.1 Speech production and perception

Phonetics is the study of speech sounds. It includes three

main areas:

1. Articulatory phonetics – the study of the production of

speech sounds

2. Acoustic phonetics – the study of the physical properties

of the sounds produced in speech

3. Auditory phonetics – the study of perception of speech

sounds

Most phoneticians are interested in articulatory

phonetics.

2.2 Speech organs

Speech organs are those parts of the human body involved

in the production of speech. The speech organs can be

considered as consisting of three parts: the initiator of the

air stream, the producer of voice and the resonating cavities.

2.3 Segments, divergences, and phonetic transcription

2.3.1 Segments and divergences

As there are more sounds in English than its letters, each

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