胡壮麟语言学教程期末考试复习专用笔记(老师画的重点,自己整理的(8)

modern linguistics is mostly descriptive because the nature

of linguistics as a science determines its preoccupation with

description instead of prescription.

1.9.2 Synchronic vs. diachronic

A synchronic study takes a fixed instant (usually at present)

as its point of observation. Saussure’s diachronic

description is the study of a language through the course of

its history. E.g. a study of the features of the English used

in Shakespeare’s time would be synchronic, and a study of the

changes English has undergone since then would be a diachronic

study. In modern linguistics, synchronic study seems to enjoy

priority over diachronic study. The reason is that unless the

various state of a language are successfully studied it would

be difficult to describe the changes that have taken place in

its historical development.

1.9.3 Langue & parole

Saussure distinguished the linguistic competence of the

speaker and the actual phenomena or data of linguistics as

langue and parole. Langue is relative stable and systematic,

parole is subject to personal and situational constraints;

langue is not spoken by an individual, parole is always a

naturally occurring event. What a linguist should do,

百度搜索“77cn”或“免费范文网”即可找到本站免费阅读全部范文。收藏本站方便下次阅读，免费范文网，提供经典小说教育文库胡壮麟语言学教程期末考试复习专用笔记(老师画的重点,自己整理的(8)在线全文阅读。