英语语言测试论文资料
grammaticalknowledgeoftheideallanguage
use
user
andhasnothing
to
dowiththeactual
oflanguagein
concrete
situations.Thisconceptoflinguisticcompetencehasbeen
criticizedforbeing
too
narrow.Toexpandtheconceptofcompetence,D。H.Hymes
competence,which
to
(1971)proposes
communicative
hasfour
components:
organizationalcompetence---theabilitycompetence---theabilitytoproduce
producegrammaticalsentences,pragmatic
which
correct
Call
sentences
bedecodedbythe
a
human
specific
brain,strategiccompetence---theabilityto
use
formsoflanguagein
utterance
socio—culturalcontext,andpsychomotorskills---thefactthatthe
InHymes’view,learnersacquireknowledgeofbutalso
as
iscompleted.
sentencesnot
onlyasgrammatical
appropriate.Theaimof
SO
languagelearningistheabilityto
perform
a
repertoireofspeechacts
as
to
takepartinspeechevents.Thisisanotherwayof
sayingthatlearninglanguageislearningtoperformcertainfunctions.LikeHalIiday’Sfunctional
grammar,Hymes’theory
also
leads
to
function—based
syllabuses
and
procedure--basedsyllabusesofTBLT.
Thetheoryofcommunicative
utterance
competence
stresses
thecontextinwhich
an
Occurs.Initsapplication,theteachermayteachhowindifferentsituationsthe—
sameother
sentence
Can
performthefunctionofstatement,command,orrequest.Onthe
structure.
hand,whileintroducingdifferentlinguisticformswiththesamesemantic
contexts
theteachermaydrawspecialattentiontodifferentconceptual
approach
also
leads
to
a
inwhichthey
are
used.The
concentration
on
discourse,thesequential
organization
beyondsentences.So,intheteachingofconversation,theteacher
as
Can
introducesuchstrategiesteaching
contents
opening,continuing,rum—takingandclosing.Topresent
ofthiskind,alearner-centeredteachingmethodologyisnecessary.
tOconveya
a
While
communicativecompetencehascome
or
multiplicityofmeanings
to
whichteachers
researchersconsult,itisnevertheless
usefulphrasekeepin
not
teachers’repertoire.Initsskeletalonlytheability
to
form,communicative
competenceconsistsof
to
master
languagerules,butalsotheability
applyappropriate
languageinsocial
communication.The
array
13
ofstudies
on
communicativecompetence
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