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任务型教学法在大学英语听力教学中的应用(19)

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英语语言测试论文资料

grammaticalknowledgeoftheideallanguage

use

user

andhasnothing

to

dowiththeactual

oflanguagein

concrete

situations.Thisconceptoflinguisticcompetencehasbeen

criticizedforbeing

too

narrow.Toexpandtheconceptofcompetence,D。H.Hymes

competence,which

to

(1971)proposes

communicative

hasfour

components:

organizationalcompetence---theabilitycompetence---theabilitytoproduce

producegrammaticalsentences,pragmatic

which

correct

Call

sentences

bedecodedbythe

human

specific

brain,strategiccompetence---theabilityto

use

formsoflanguagein

utterance

socio—culturalcontext,andpsychomotorskills---thefactthatthe

InHymes’view,learnersacquireknowledgeofbutalso

as

iscompleted.

sentencesnot

onlyasgrammatical

appropriate.Theaimof

SO

languagelearningistheabilityto

perform

repertoireofspeechacts

as

to

takepartinspeechevents.Thisisanotherwayof

sayingthatlearninglanguageislearningtoperformcertainfunctions.LikeHalIiday’Sfunctional

grammar,Hymes’theory

also

leads

to

function—based

syllabuses

and

procedure--basedsyllabusesofTBLT.

Thetheoryofcommunicative

utterance

competence

stresses

thecontextinwhich

an

Occurs.Initsapplication,theteachermayteachhowindifferentsituationsthe—

sameother

sentence

Can

performthefunctionofstatement,command,orrequest.Onthe

structure.

hand,whileintroducingdifferentlinguisticformswiththesamesemantic

contexts

theteachermaydrawspecialattentiontodifferentconceptual

approach

also

leads

to

inwhichthey

are

used.The

concentration

on

discourse,thesequential

organization

beyondsentences.So,intheteachingofconversation,theteacher

as

Can

introducesuchstrategiesteaching

contents

opening,continuing,rum—takingandclosing.Topresent

ofthiskind,alearner-centeredteachingmethodologyisnecessary.

tOconveya

While

communicativecompetencehascome

or

multiplicityofmeanings

to

whichteachers

researchersconsult,itisnevertheless

usefulphrasekeepin

not

teachers’repertoire.Initsskeletalonlytheability

to

form,communicative

competenceconsistsof

to

master

languagerules,butalsotheability

applyappropriate

languageinsocial

communication.The

array

13

ofstudies

on

communicativecompetence

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