英语语言测试论文资料
such
as
structurallinguistics,cognitivelinguisticsandfunctionallinguistics
set
the
foundationforteachingapproaches.Thereweretwoleadingschoolsoflinguisticsinthe
twentieth
century:formalismandfunctionalism.Theformerputsemphasis
on
the
abstractstaticlanguageformandthelatterregardsthestudyofthelanguageusedindailylife
as
thetruetaskofstudy
andemphasizesthe
functionandmeaningoflanguage
ratherthanthelanguage
structures.
Attheearlystageinthe20t11fieldoflinguistics.
Swisslinguist
century,formalism
played
a
dominatedroleinthe
Ferdinand
deSaussure,fatherofmodemlinguisticsforhisoriginal
inGeneralLinguistics,holdsthatlinguists’task
a
andinsightful
discover
work--Course
istoactual
thelinguisticcompetenceof
or
speaker--langue,ratherthanthe
staticstudy
on
phenomena
dataof
linguistics--parole.Saussure’S
languageimpinged
thethenlinguisticsfordecades.
Based
on
Saussureanlinguistics,Structuralism
of
appearedinthel930s.Bloomfield,ainthethirties
representative
Americanstructurallinguistics
and
on
forties
ofthe
twentiethcentury,analyzesstructuresof
one
a
forms
oflanguage,whichstillfocuses
are
thegrammatical
language.Structuralists
influencedbythebehaviouristicviewthat
on
learns
a
language
bybuildinguphabits
a
thebasisofstimulus—responsechains.In
at
teachingmethodthisimpliespatterndrilltechniquewhichaims
Situational
thelearner’S
automatismsforlanguage
forms.Forinstance,the
on
Methodandthe
Audio—LingualApproacharebased
In1957,thefounderofChomsky
sees
Structuralism.
in
Transformational—generativegrammar(TG
a
short)Noam
languageassystemofinnaterules
and
discussesthefundamental
refers
to
to
distinctionbetweencompetence
andperformance.Linguisticcompetence
performance
refers
the
underlyingknowledgeaboutthesystemofrules.And
use
theactual
of
language
in
concrete
situations.Chomskythinksthatlinguistictheoryis
ideal
speaker listeneg
in
a
concemedprimarilywith
an
completelyhomogeneous
speech-community,whoknowsitslanguageperfectly(Chomsky,1965:3).Chomsky
8
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