新视角研究生英语读说写(1)课文翻译课后习题答案124810复习(5)

一三四八十期末复习材料

的马德里、都柏林，而今可以摇滚狂欢至凌晨。布拉格人谈论的外国游客不再是那些20世纪90年代初成群结队，接踵而至的年轻美国人。取而代之的是那些为了享受廉价啤酒、漂亮女孩幕名而至的英国派对客一族。由于欧洲是令人胆颤心惊的纳粹主义的诞生地，英国历史学家Mark,Mazower曾把欧洲称为绝对黑暗大陆。而如今欧洲成了娱乐的天堂，快乐的都城。

4、Funny. This is how the U.S. was supposed to be. In a famous series of essays collected in his 1976 book, The Cultural Contradictions of Capitalism, Daniel Bell noted how the decline of the Protestant small- town ethic had unhinged American capitalism from its moral foundation of capitalism (had ) become hedonism, the idea of please as a way of life.‖ In a 1969 cover story titled ―California: A State of Excitement,‖ Time reported that, as most Americans saw it, ―the good, godless,gregarious pursuit of pleasure is what California is all about…. I have seen the future,‘ says the newly returned visitor to California, and it plays.‘‖

真是可笑！这本该是美国的模样嘛！丹尼尔 贝尔1976年出版《资本主义文化矛盾》一书，书中收录的一系列著名文章描述了新教徒小镇式道德观的衰落怎样动摇了美国资本主义的道德基础和对工作内在价值的认识。20世纪60年代，贝尔声称，―资本主义文化经过拨乱反正已变成了享乐主义文化，享受成为生活的一种方式。‖1969年《时代周刊》一篇名为《加利福尼亚：充满刺激之州》的封面故事中写道，―追寻美好的、非宗教的、交际性的快乐已经成了加利福尼亚的全部。每个刚去过加州的人都说， 我看到了未来，自由自在的娱乐在发挥作用。‘‖当时绝大多数美国人对报道中提及的情况都是有目共睹的。

5、But the American future didn‘t turn out as we expected. While Europeans cut the hours they spend at the office or factory-in France it is illegal to work more than35 hours a week-and lengthened their vacations, Americans were concluding that you could be happy only if you work hard and play hard. So they began to stay at their jobs longer than ever and then, in jam-packed weekends at places like the Haptons on Long Island, invented the uniquely American concept of scheduled joy, filling a day off with one appointment after another, as if were no different from one at the office. American conservatives, meanwhile, came to believe that European‘s desire to devote themselves to the pleasures of life and-the shame of it-six weeks annual vacation was evidence of a lack of seriousness and would, in any event, end in economic tears.

但美国的未来并没有成为我们所期待的那样。当欧洲人缩短在办公室或工厂工作的时间——在法国一周工作时间超过35个小时就是非法的——延长假期时，美国人却认为只有努力工作拼命玩耍才是幸福的。因此美国人工作的时间开始变得比以往任何时候都长，然后将日程安排得满满的，去诸如位于长岛的汉普敦等地度周末，美国人创造了独特的美国式的概念，按计划娱乐，休息日排满了一个又一个的日程，好像节假日与工作日没什么区别似的。同时美国的保守者们认为：真是遗憾啊，欧洲人渴望全身心地享受生活，一年6周的假期是欧洲人不负责任的表现，无论如何欧洲人最终会为经济的衰退而痛哭流涕。

6、Why do Europeans and Amerians differ so much in their attitude toward work and leisure?I can think of two reasons. First, the crowed confines of Western Europe and the expansive space of North Amerians value stuff-SUVs, 7,000-sq.-ft. house-more than they value time, while for Europeans it‘s the opposite. Second, as Bell predicted, America‘s sense of itself as a religious nation has revived. At least in the puritanical version of Christianity that has always appealed to Americans, religion comes packaged with the stern message that hard work is good for the soul. Modern Europe has avoided so melancholy a lesson.

为什么欧洲人和美国人对待工作和娱乐的态度有如此大的反差呢？我能想到两个原因。首先是西欧拥挤的环境和北美广阔的空间导致了不同的消费倾向。从广义上讲，美国人对实实在在的东西例如运动型多功能车，7000平方英尺房子的重视甚至他们对时间的重视。对欧洲人来说，情况恰恰相反。其次，正如贝尔所预言的那样，美国宗教意识思想复苏，至少清教徒式的基督教历来迎合美国人的心声。严厉的教条规劝人们：努力工作对于灵魂升华是有益的。而现代的欧洲已没有了这种苦行课。

7、Whatever the explanation, the idea of a work-life balance is a staple of European discourse, studied in think tanks mulled over by policymakers. In the U.S., the term, when it‘s used at all, is said with the sort of sneer reserved for those who eat quiche. But it might still catch on. When Bill Keller was named executive editor of the New York Times, he encouraged the staff to do ―a little more savoring‖of life, spending time with their families or viewing art.

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