英语语法总结之情态动词(2)

had better 相当于一个助动词，它只有一种形式，它后面要跟动词原形。 had better do sth had better not do sth

It is pretty cold. You'd better put on my coat. She'd better not play with the dog.

had better have done sth表示与事实相反的结果，意为\本来最好\。

You had better have come earlier.

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would rather表示\宁愿\

would rather do would rather not do

would rather… than…宁愿……而不愿。

还有would sooner, had rather, had sooner都表示\宁愿\、\宁可\的意思。 If I have a choice, I had sooner not continue my studies at this school.

I would rather stay here than go home. = I would stay here rather than go home. 典型例题

----Shall we go skating or stay at home? ----Which ___ do?

A. do you ratherB. would you ratherC. will you ratherD. should you rather 答案B。本题考查情态动词rather的用法，would rather +do sth 意为\宁愿\，本题为疑问句，would 提前，所以选B。

w.w.w.k.s.5.u.c.o.m will和would would rather do would rather not do

would rather… than…宁愿……而不愿。

还有would sooner, had rather, had sooner都表示\宁愿\、\宁可\的意思。 If I have a choice, I had sooner not continue my studies at this school.

I would rather stay here than go home. = I would stay here rather than go home. 典型例题

----Shall we go skating or stay at home? ----Which ___ do?

A. do you ratherB. would you ratherC. will you ratherD. should you rather 答案B。本题考查情态动词rather的用法，would rather +do sth 意为\宁愿\，本题为疑问句，would 提前，所以选B。

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情态动词的回答方式

问句 肯定回答 否定回答 Need you…?Yes, I must. No,I needn't Must you…?/don't have to. 典型例题

1）---Could I borrow your dictionary? ---Yes, of course, you____. A. mightB. willC. canD. should

答案C.could表示委婉的语气，并不为时态。答语中of course，表示肯定的语气，允许某人做某事时，用can和 may来表达，不能用could或might。复习： will 与you连用，用来提出要求或下命令。should与you 连用，用来提出劝告。

2）---Shall I tell John about it? ---No, you ___. I've told him already. A. needn'tB. wouldn'tC. mustn'tD. shouldn't

答案A。needn't 不必，不用。 wouldn't 将不, 不会的。 mustn't 禁止、不能。 shouldn't不应该。本题为不需要，不必的意思，应用needn't。

3）---Don't forget to come to my birthday party tomorrow. ---______.

A. I don'tB.I won'tC. I can'tD. I haven't

答案B.will既可当作情态动词，表请求、建议、也可作为实义动词表\意愿、意志、决心\，本题表示决心，选B。

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带to的情态动词

带to 的情态动词有四个：ought to, have to, used to, be to, 如加上have got to ,(=must), be able to，为六个。它们的疑问，否定形式应予以注意：

Do they have to pay their bill before the end of the month? She didn't use to play tennis before she was fourteen. You ought not to have told her all about it. Ought he to see a heart specialist at once.?

ought to 本身作为情态动词使用。其他的词作为实义动词使用，变疑问，否定时，须有do 等助动词协助。

典型例题

Tom ought not to ___ me your secret, but he meant no harm. A.have toldB.tellC.be tellingD. having told

答案A。由于后句为过去时，告诉秘密的动作又发生在其前因，此地应用过去完成时，但它在情态动词 ought to 后，所以用have。

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比较need和dare

这两词既可做实义动词用，又可做情态动词用。作为情态动词，两者都只能用于疑问句，否定句和条件句。 need 作实义动词时后面的不定式必须带to，而dare作实义动词用时, 后面的to 时常可以被省略。

1) 实义动词： need（需要, 要求） need + n. / to do sth

2) 情态动词： need，只用原形need后加do，否定形式为need not。 Need you go yet? Yes, I must. / No, I needn't.

3) need 的被动含义：need, want, require, worth（形容词）后面接doing也可以表示被动：

need doing = need to be done

needn’t have v-ed 表示过去做了某事，但没有做的必要， 意为“本没必要…”。例如：

You needn’t have waken me up; I don’t have to go to work today 6.ought to 的用法

Ought to 后接动词原形，表义务，但不及must 那样具有信心，如： You don’t look well. You ought to go to see the doctor. 你气色不好，应该去看病。

Ought to 用于否定句，其否定形式可缩略为oughtn’t ，如： You oughtn’t to smoke so much. 你不应该抽这么多烟。 也可以用于疑问句，如：

Ought you to smoke so much?你应该抽这样多烟吗？ Ought to 在间接引语中表过去时形式不变，如： He said you ought to tell the police. 他说你应该去报告警察。 7.shall的用法

1)用于第一人称征求对方的意见，如：

What shall I wear on the journey? 我路上穿什么好呢？ Shall we dance? 我们跳舞好吗？

2)shall 用于第二、三人称时表允诺，警告，命令，威胁（现已少见），如： She shall get her share. 她可以得到她的一份。 You shall have it back tomorrow.你明天可以将它拿回。

情态动词should一般不应被认为是情态动词shall的过去式，主要用法有： 1)用于第一人称疑问句中询问对方的意愿，但语气较委婉温和，如： What should we do now? 我们现在该怎么办？ 2)表示应该、必须，常与must 换用。例如： We should (must) master a foreign language at least. 我们应当至少掌握一门外语。

3)“should+be+表语”的结构，表示推测或惊奇。例如：

They should be back by now. 他们现在应该回来了吧。

I am sorry that she should be so careless. 我感到遗憾她竟会那样粗心。 4)“should+have+过去分词”的结构，表示过去该做而实际上尚未做的动作或行为；其否定则表示发生了不应该发生的行为。其同义结构“ought to have +过去分词”,表示过去“早应该”、“本当”之意，语气较强。例如：

I should have thought of that. 这一点我是应当想到的。（但没想到） They should not have left so soon.他们不应当走得这么早。（但已走了） 5) 在“It is natural (strange, natural, necessary, surprised, impossible, important ) that……”句型中，主语从句中的谓语动词要用should +动词原形”表示“理所当然”、“奇怪”、“必要”、“惊异”等的意思。在lest（以免）、for fear (that) (以防)、in case（以备万一）等之后也要用should+动词原形;在advise, sugest, order, demand, request 等的从句中should+do”例如：

It is necessary that he(should) be sent there at once. 有必要马上派他到那里去。

It is strange that he should say so. 他会说这样的话真是奇怪。 Let us go at once lest we should be late for the train. 我们马上走吧，以免赶不上火车。 8..will和would的用法

1）表示意志，决心或愿望。例如：

Surely we will support all the people in the world in their struggle for peace.

我们一定要支持全世界人民争取和平的斗争。 He would not let me try it . 他不肯让我去试。

2）will表示经常性、习惯性、倾向性，would表示过去的习惯行为。 He will sit there hour after hour looking at the traffic go by. 他会经常一连几个小时坐在那儿观看来往的车辆。 He would come to see me when he was in Beijing. 他在北京时，常来看望我。

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