小学英语基本语法
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6. It’_______________________________________________. _______________________________________________. _______________________________________________. 第七讲、There be 结构
知识要点
1)英语中的There be 结构意思是“有”,表示在某地或某时有某人或某物。There be 结构强调的是“存在关系”。There be 结构中的be具有时态变化(is, are, was, were). There be后接的如果是单数可数名词或不可数名词时,be只能是单数形式is或was;如:There is a book on the desk. There was some milk in the bottle yesterday. 如:There be后接的如果是复数可数名词时,一定要用复数形式are 或were。There are some books on the desk. There were some books on the desk yesterday.
2)在英语中表示“有”这一概念除了there be结构以外,还有have/ has。它们的用法区别:have/ has表示“某物归某人所有”,强调所属关系,而there be指“在某地或某时有某人或某物”,强调存在关系。比较:There is a bus in our school.(只表示存在,bus不一定属于学校)
Our school has a bus.(表示我们学校拥有bus这一财产).考查there be 句型的常见题型有单项填空、完型填空、句型转换和改错等。做这类题时,必须首先认真理解全句的意思,看是表示―存在‖的―有‖还是―拥有‖来决定是否用there be还是用其他句型。
3)There be可以有现在时(there is/are)、过去时(there was/were)、将来时(there is/are going to be或there will be)和完成时(there have/has been);还可用there must be ,there can’t be, there used to be等
4)反意疑问句的构成:be (not) there?
5)主谓一致:There be 结构中的be动词要和后面所跟名词保持一致,遵循就近原则。 注意:
1.句型中含有some时,变为否定句、疑问句时一般要改为any。
2.对数量提问:How many +可数名词复数 + are there + ?
How much +不可数名词 + is there + ?
3.对句中 sth.部分提问一般用What’s +地点状语?有时也用What’s there +地点状语?
4.there be 句型中有时不用动词be ,而用come , live ,stand , lie, seem to be , happen to be ,等
练习:
I.将下列句子改成否定句和一般疑问句,并作肯定与否定回答。
1. There is some juice in the fridge.
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2. There were two apple trees in front of the house two years ago.
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II..用there be或have的适当形式填空。
1. ________ any pencils in your pencil-box?
2. ________ you _____________ any pencils in your pencil- box?
3. Lucy ___________ a twin sister, Lily.
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