翻译网站unit9

Unit 9

Nominal Clauses

Highlights of the Unit 单元要点概述 Practical Translation Training 实用翻译训练

I. Translation of English Nominal Clauses 英语名词性从句的翻译 II. Translation of Chinese Complex Sentences 汉语复句的翻译 Reflections and Practice 思考与练习 BACK

单元要点概述

实用翻译训练英译汉：The Difference between a Brain and a Computer

实用翻译训练汉译英：硅谷

I. 英语名词性从句的翻译 1. 主语从句 2. 宾语从句 3. 表语从句 4. 同位语从句

II. 汉语复句的翻译 1. 句子的合并 2. 句序

本单元分析探讨了英语名词性从句的翻译方法及汉语复合句的一般翻译方法。

英语名词性从句可分为主语从句、宾语从句、表语从句、同位语从句四大类。这些从句的翻译一般按原文的语序处理即可，相对较为容易。不过，在翻译以 \为形式主语、形式宾语的主语从句、宾语从句时，语序往往应颠倒。

本单元重点为同位语从句的翻译。英语同位语从句的翻译可按这样四种方法来处理：1. 保持原本的语序；2. 译为类似定语的结构或独成一句；3. 加入冒号、破折号或“这样”、“这一”、“即”等字眼进行翻译；4. 改变原文的同位语结构，用汉语的无主句或其他方式译出。

汉语不存在类似英语的名词性从句。汉语的复合句主要分为联合复句和偏正复句两类。我们在翻译汉语复句时，关键在于抓住句子的重心，将主要信息译为英语的主句，其余部分视情况可分别用分词、动名词、不定式、介词短语等来翻译。与英语

相比，汉语句子较为简短、零散，词序也较为固定，翻译时应注意句子的合并、语序的调整。

Practical Translation Training

1. English-Chinese Translation

The Difference between a Brain and a Computer

It is frequently said that computers solve problems only because they are \to do so. They can only do what men have them do. One must remember that human beings also can only do what they are \instant the fertilized ovum is formed, and our potentialities are limited by that \

Our \is so mach more enormously complex, though, that we might like to define \in terms of the creativity that goes into writing a great play or composing a great symphony, into conceiving a brilliant scientific theory or a profound ethical judgment. In that sense, computers certainly can't think and neither can most humans.

Surely, though, if a computer can be made complex enough, it can be as creative as we are. If it could be made as complex as a human brain, it could be the equivalent of a human brain and do whatever a human brain can do.

To suppose anything else is to suppose that there is more to the human brain that the matter that composes it. The brain is made up of cells in a certain arrangement and the cells are made up of atoms and molecules in certain arrangements. If anything else is there, no signs of it have ever been detected. To duplicate the material complexity of the brain is therefore to duplicate everything about it.

But how long will it take to build a computer complex enough to duplicate the human brain? Perhaps not as long as some think. Long before we approach a complex as complex as our brain, we will perhaps build a computer that is at least complex enough to design another computer more complex than itself. This more complex computer could design one still more complex and so on and so on.

In other words, once we pass a certain critical point, the computers take over and there is \duplicate the human brain-but far surpass it.

Notes and Explanations

1. fertilized ovum 受精卵, fertilize v. 施肥，使受精 2. in terms of 以……的措辞，用……的话

3. goes into 进入（某种状态）；此处可根据中文表达的需要，分别译作“写出”、“创作”、“提出”、“创立” 4. In... sense 从……意义上讲

5. it could be the equivalent of a human brain 它可能与人脑不相上下；注意此句中的两个could，表示虚拟语气

6. to suppose that there is more to the human brain 假设人脑还有更多的奥秘；此处more为名词

7. If anything else is there 假如真有别的什么奥秘；此处的anything可具体化处理 8. duplicate v. 复制；此句中的两处不定式to duplicate分别作主语和表语 9. approach 向……靠近，接近，此处为“接近完成”之意 10. critical point 临界点 11. take over 接收；取代

2. Chinese-English Translation

硅谷犹如一块磁铁，把许许多多天资聪颖的工程师、科学家、企业家从世界各地聚集到这里，一起追求成名致富，投身于技术革命的大潮，其影响及于人类，必将远远超过划时代的欧洲文艺复兴和产业革命。

许多国家也有或正在着手建设自己的“硅谷”，但至今无一威胁到美国硅谷的领先地位。美国硅谷与众不同，究竟秘诀何在呢？

首先，硅谷有着世界最大最密集的优秀电脑专才群体、最佳的后援服务体系，并紧密联系着斯坦福大学等世界一流的研究机构，而后者正源源不断地培育出电脑业赖以发展的明日天才。若缺少这些有利条件，硅谷的面貌便会大不一样。

Notes and Explanations

1. 硅谷Silicon Valley

2. 天资聪颖的工程师、科学家、企业家talented engineers，scientists and entrepreneurs 3. 追求成名致富in search of fame，fast money

4. 划时代的欧洲文艺复兴the epoch-making European Renaissance 5. 着手建设in the process of creating /setting up

6. 美国硅谷的领先地位the preeminence of the U. S. prototype 7. 最密集的……群体the largest concentration of 8. 后援服务体系supporting services 9. 斯坦福大学Stanford University

10. 源源不断地培育continually nurture/cultivate/foster 11. 明日天才would-be geniuses

English subordinate clauses are classified into six groups，namely，subject clauses，objective clauses，predicative clauses，appositive clauses，attributive clauses，and adverbial clauses. Since the first four of them function as nouns in a complex sentence，they are generally called nominal clauses. And here are some nominal clauses from the above Practical Translation Training:

● It is frequently said that computers solve problems only because they are \（subject clause） 人们常说，电脑之所以能解决问题，只是因为给它们输入了解决问题的“程序”。

● They can only do what men have them do.（objective clause） 它们只能做人让它们做的事。

● One must remember that human beings also can only do what they are \to do.（objective clause） 我们应该记住，人类同样也只能按“程序”办事。 ● It could be the equivalent of a human brain and do whatever a human braid can do.（objective clause）它就能与人脑旗鼓相当，完成人脑所能做的一切。

● To suppose anything else is to suppose that there is more to the human brain than the matter that composes it.（predicative clause）如果还要设想别的什么的话，那就是假设人脑除了构成它的物质之外，还有更多的奥秘。

In this section we ace going to find some specific methods of translating nominal clauses. Besides，we'll touch on the translation of Chinese complex sentences.

I. Translation of English Nominal Clauses

1. Subject Clauses

1) Subject Clauses Introduced by Pronouns

These clauses include such pronouns as what，whatever，whoever，etc. and when they are translated into Chinese, they may generally remain their original position.

● What he told me was only half-truth. 他告诉我的只是半真半假的东西而已。 ● Whatever he saw and heard on his trip gave him a very deep impression. 他此行所见所闻都给他留下了深刻的印象。

● Whoever comes to our public. reference library will be welcome. 什么人到我们公共参考图书馆来都受欢迎。

2） \

In this case，the subject clauses may either precede or follow the principal clauses.

● It doesn't make much difference whether he attends the meeting or not. 他参不参加会议都没多大关系。

● It seemed inconceivable that the pilot could have survived the crash. 驾驶员在飞机坠毁之后竟然还能活着，这看来是不可想像的事。

● It is strange that she should have failed to see her own shortcomings. 真奇怪，她竟然没有看出自己的缺点。

● It is rumored that the meeting will be held in June. 据传闻，这次会议将在六月举行。

2. Object Clauses

Generally speaking, there is no need to change the position of the object clauses in translation. However，in some cases，when \functions as the formal object of a complex sentence，or sometimes，preceded by a preposition，a change of order is necessary：

● I understand that he is well qualified，but I feel that he needs more experience. 我知道他完全够条件，但我觉得他需要更多的经验。

● I take it for granted that you will come and talk the matter over with him. 我理所当然地认为，你会来跟他谈这件事的。

● I regard it as an honor that I am chosen to attend the meeting. 我被选参加会议，感到十分荣幸。

● We have no definite information yet as to which route he will take. 关于他将走哪条路线，我们还没有确切的消息。

3. Predicative Clauses

English predicative clauses，like object clauses，are generally translated without changing their original position.

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