高中学生必备资料：高考英语考纲词汇用法详解(上)(英语通用)(9)

body[?????] n.[C]身体，躯体，尸体，正文：He loves her body and soul. 他真心实意爱她。/ He does his work body and soul. 他全心全意地工作。

【说明】body是相对于精神(mind, spirit, soul)的身体以及侧重指躯体的身体，不用于指健康状况的“身体”，如“他身体健康”不能译为His body is healthy，可译为He is in good health.或 He is healthy.

boil[????] v.(水，液体)沸腾；(水)开，用开水煮；使(水，液体)沸腾：boiling water 正在沸腾的水 / boiled water 开水(已经开过的水)

bone[????] n.[C]骨(头)，(鱼)刺：She is all skin and bones. 她骨瘦如柴。 book[???] n.[C]书，本子 vt.预定(房间，票等)：Here is the telephone book. 电话簿在这。/ I want to book a ticket for Beijing. 我想订一张去北京的票。

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born[????] v.(动词bear的过去分词)出生 adj.天生的，生来的：I was born in 1962. 我生于1962年。/ He is a born poet. 他是天生的诗人。

borrow[??????] v.(向别人)借，借用：Can I borrow two books at a time? 我能一次借两本书吗?

【用法】1.一般不接双宾语，若要表示类似意思可用 borrow sth from sb。2.有时与一段时间连用，表示借来使用的时间：He borrowed a car from a friend for a few days. 他借朋友的车子用了几天。

boss[???] n. [C]老板，领班：Don’t call me “boss”. 不要叫我“老板”。/ He wants to marry his boss’s daughter. 他想娶他老板的女儿。

both[????] adj.两，双 pron.两者，两人，双方：Why not use both? 何不两者都用? / He speaks both English and French. 他既说英语也说法语。

bother[?????] v.& n.打扰，烦扰，麻烦：Don’t bother him to do it for you. 别去麻烦他去为你做这事。/ They didn’t bother about [with] that. 他们对那件事并不感到焦急。/ Did you have much bother (in) finding his office? 你是不是费了很大的劲才找到他的办公室?

【用法】后接动词时，用不定式或动名词均可：Don’t bother to lock [locking] the door. 别费事锁门了。

bottle[????] n.[C]瓶子 (连用the)酒 v.用瓶子装：John’s on the bottle again! 约翰又在喝酒了! / This is where they bottle the milk. 在这里他们用瓶子装牛奶。

bottom[??????] n.[C]底；末端：He is at the bottom of the class. 他在班上排名最后。 bowl[????] n.[C]碗：A bowl of hot chicken soup is good for you. 喝一碗热鸡汤对你有好处。

box[????] n. [C]箱子，盒子，匣子 v.拳击：We used boxes for chairs. 我们用箱子当椅子坐。/ They boxed (with) each other. 他们互相拳击。

boy[???] n. [C]男孩，男仆：The boy cried for help. 男孩大声呼救。

brain[?????] n. [C,U]脑子，大脑；(复)头脑，脑力：He hasn’t got much brain. 他没什么头脑。/ He has very little brains. 他没什么头脑。/ Use your brain(s). 动动脑子。/ Where’s your brains? 你的脑子到哪里去了(你怎么不动动脑子)?

【用法】表示“头脑”、“智力”等，不可数，但也可拼为 brains(仍不可数)，如可说 much brain(s)或 little brain(s)，但不说 many brains 或 few brains。不过值得注意的是，brain 表示此义时虽为不可数名词，但却可与不定冠词连用：He has a good brain. 他头脑好。 branch[???????] n.[C]树枝；分部，分支，部门；支流：This river has two main branches. 这条河有两条主要的支流。/ Her father is the secretary of the Party branch. 她父亲是这个党支部的书记。

brave[?????] adj.勇敢的：It was brave of him to enter the burning building.=He was brave to enter the burning building. 他敢进入那燃烧的建筑，真是勇敢。

bread[????] n.[U]面包，生计：He doesn’t just write for fun. Writing is his bread and butter. 他写作不只为了乐趣，写作是他的饭碗。

break[?????] v.(broke broken)打破，折断，打碎n. [C]休息：I admitted breaking the window. 我承认打破了窗子。/ Let’s take a short break for lunch. 我们休息一下吃中饭。 【短语】break away (from) 突然逃掉；脱离；破除 / break down 坏，失败，中断 / break in 突然进来；插嘴 / break into 强行进入；插嘴 / break out (火灾、战争等)突然发生，爆发(不用于被动语态) / break up 解散；结束；破裂；绝交

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breakfast[?????????] n. [C,U]早饭，早餐：Is breakfast ready? 早餐准备好了吗? / After breakfast it began to snow. 早饭后开始下起雪来。

【用法】1.其前通常不用冠词，但若特指，则用定冠词；若受到形容词的修饰表示具有某种特点的“早餐”，则用不定冠词：Thank you for the breakfast. 谢谢你的这顿早餐。/ After a quick breakfast, he hurried to the station. 匆匆忙忙吃完早餐，他就赶到车站去了。2.要表示“吃”早餐，英语通常用 have，有时也可用 take 或eat(但较少见)。3.at breakfast 与 for breakfast 不同： 前者表示在吃早餐或在吃早餐的时候，后者表示为早餐而吃东西：I always drink tea at breakfast. 我总是用早餐时饮茶。/ I have an egg for breakfast. 我早餐吃1只鸡蛋。(注：lunch, supper 也具有类似用法)

breath[????] n. [C,U]呼吸，气息：Let me get my breath back. 让我喘口气。/ I’ll love you as long as I have breath. 我终身爱你。

【短语】hold one’s breath 屏住气 / out of breath 上气不接下气

breathe[?????] v.呼吸：Lie down flat and breathe deeply. 平躺下，做深呼吸。/ I want to go out and breathe the fresh air. 我想出去呼吸新鲜空气。

brick[????] n. [C,U]砖块，砖形物：He built his own house brick by brick. 他的房子是他自己一砖一瓦建成的。

bridge[?????] n.[C]桥：Don’t cross the bridge until you come to it. 不要杞人忧天。 bright[?????] adj. 明亮的，明朗的，晴朗的；鲜明的；聪明的；伶俐的；美好的；有希望的：It was a bright day. 那是一个晴朗的日子。/ Her face was bright with happiness. 她喜气洋洋。/ You have a bright future. 你的前途是光明的。

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