around[???????] prep.在?周围；环绕；大约 adv.(在)各处，(在)附近，到处，在周围：There was a wall around the park. 公园四周有围墙。/ Will you please wait around for me? 请在附近等我好吗?
arrival[????????] n.[U]到达 [C]到来的人或物：On my arrival at [in] Paris I went to see her. 我一到巴黎，就去看她了。/ Come and meet the new arrivals. 来见见新来的人。
arrive[??????] vi.到达，(时间)到来，得出(结论)，(婴儿)出生，来到：He was the first to arrive. 他第一个到。/ It took a long time to arrive at a conclusion. 花了很长时间才达成一个结论。/ Her baby arrived during the night. 她的小孩是夜里生的。 【用法】不及物，后接地点，需借助介词at或in (地方较小用at，较大用in)。
art[???] n.[U,C]艺术，美术；技艺，技术；(用复数)人文学科：Art is long; life is short. (谚语)艺术长久，人生短暂。/ a work of art 一件美术品 / Language teaching is both a science and an art. 语言教学既是一门科学又是一门艺术。
article[???????] n.[C](尤指报刊杂志上的)文章；物品，物件；冠词：What does the article discuss? 这篇文章讲的是什么? / an article of clothing 一件衣服
artist[???????] n. [C]美术家：He has no wish to be an artist. 他不想做艺术家。 as[??] conj.当?的时候；由于；尽管；随着，与?一样 prep.作为，当作adv.同样，相同 pron.正如：He dropped the glass as he stood up. 他站起来时，把杯子摔了。/ This is the same as it was before. 这个与以前一样。/ As you are tired, you had better rest. 你累了，
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最好休息一下。/ As the wages advanced, so did the cost of living. 随着工资的提高, 生活费用也提高了。
【短语】as?as 与?一样 / not as [so]?as 不像，不如 / as if=as though 好像，好似 / as yet 迄今，到目前为止 / as [so] long as 只要 / as soon as 一?就 / as to 关于，至于 【用法】1.用作连词，表示“尽管”时，要用于倒装句，且倒装后位于句首的名词通常不用冠词(等于though)：Child as[=though] he was, he did quite well. 他虽是个孩子, 但已干得很不错。2.用作关系代词，有两种用法：一是用于such, the same, as等之后引导限制性定语从句：Such men as(=Those men who) heard of him praised him. 听说过他的人都赞扬他。二是单独用作关系代词，引导非限制性定语从句，可放在主句之前(常译为：正如)或之后(常译为：这一点)，且主从句之间一般要用逗号隔开：He was absent, as is often the case. 他缺席了，这是常有的事。
ash[??] n.灰，(常用pl)灰烬，骨灰，遗体：The house (was) burned to ashes. 房子烧成灰烬了。
【用法】表示“灰”时本来不可数，但有时可用复数形式代替单数形式，且意思不变：cigarette ash [ashes] 烟灰
ashamed[???????] adj.惭愧，害臊：I am half ashamed to do so. 这样做我有些不好意思。/ You really ought to be ashamed of that. 你实在应该对此感到惭愧。/ Not feel ashamed to ask and learn from people below. 不耻下问。
Asia[?????] n.亚洲：China is in the east of Asia. 中国位于亚洲东部。/ Our factory exports to Southeast Asia. 我厂向东南亚出口产品。
Asian[??????] n.[C]亚洲人 adj.亚洲的，亚洲人的：The First East Asian Games were held in Shanghai in 1993. 第1届东亚运动会于1993年在上海举行。
ask[????] v.问，要求；请求：Since you ask, I will tell you. 你既然问，我就告诉你。He asked to see the manager. 他求见经理。
【短语】ask for sth 请求，向?要 / ask sb for sth 请某人给某物 / ask after 问候(身体健康) / ask about 打听，查询
asleep[???????] adj.睡着的：He fell asleep during the lesson. 他在上课时睡着了。 【用法】1. 通常只用作表语，不能单独放在名词前作定语，不说 an asleep child，可改说a sleeping child。2.汉语说“睡得很熟”，英语习惯上用 fast [sound] asleep，而不说 very (much, very much) asleep。
assistant[?????????] n.[C]助手，助教，图书馆管理员：shop assistant 店员 / assistant engineer 助理工程师 / assistant manager 副经理
astonish[????????]vt.使惊讶，使吃惊：The news astonished everybody. 这消息使人人感到惊讶。/ I was astonished at [by] the news.=I was astonished to hear the news. 听到这消息我很吃惊。
at[??????] prep.在，于；向，对准；因为，由于；在?方面；(表示速度、程度、价格等)以，按：He lives at 35 Manchester Road, London. 他住在伦敦曼彻斯特路35号。/ Everybody, we begin at page 50 today. 各位，我们今天从第50页开始。/ At the news he became excited. 一听到这消息，他变得很激动。/ He bought it at (the price of) 50 dollars. 他以50美元的价格买下了它。
attack[?????] v.攻击 n.[C,U]进攻；(疾病)侵袭，发作：Wolves will not usually attack humans. 狼通常不会袭击人。
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attempt[???????] v.& n.尝试，试图：She made every attempt. 她尽一切努力。/ She attempted to get [getting] in touch with them. 她企图和他们联系上。
【用法】1.后接动词作宾语时，该动词可用不定式，也可用动名词。2. make an attempt 后接动词表示试图做某事时，该动词可用不定式或用at doing sth 的形式。
attend[??????] v.出席，参加；看护，照料，护理；注意：He didn’t attend the meeting because he was ill. 他因病没有出席会议。/ I’ll attend to the matter. 这事我来处理。/ I’m too busy. I can’t attend to you now. 我很忙，现在不能接待你。
attention[????????] n.[U]留心，注意：Please give it your attention. 请关注此事。/ He called our attention to what he said. 他提醒我们注意他说的话。
【用法】在 pay [give, bring] attention to 等短语中的 to 是介词，后接动词时用动名词：He gives all his attention to making money. 他的注意力完全集中在赚钱上。
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