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【短语】in advance 在前头,事先,提前 / in advance of 在?前面,比?进步,超过 / on the advance (物价)在上涨 / advance on 朝?前进
advantage[???????????] n.[C,U]优势,长处,有利条件,利益:A better education gave us the advantage. 良好的教育使我们处于有利地位。/ The advantage of the idea was its simplicity. 这个主意的优点就在于它简单明了。
【短语】have [gain, get] the [an] advantage over [of] 胜过,优于 / take advantage of 乘机利用,利用别人的弱点,占便宜
adventure[?????????] n.[C,U]冒险,冒险活动,奇遇 v. 冒险,胆敢:He lived for adventure. 他平生喜欢冒险。/ No man would adventure it. 没有人敢冒险做这种事。 【用法】表示抽象意义的“冒险”,不可数;表示具体意义的“冒险的经历或事件”,则可数。
advice[???????] n.[U]忠告,建议:Your advice was a great help to me. 你的建议对我有很大的帮助。 / I don’t know who ask advice from. 我不知道该向谁讨教。 【用法】1.不可数,不与不定冠词或数词连用,也不用复数形式,如说a piece of advice, some advice,但不说an advice, some advices。2.表示征求意见,通常用ask (for) advice;表示听从或接受某人的意见,通常用follow [take] one’s advice。
advise[???????] vt.劝告,建议:Be advised! 接受意见吧! / They will advise you what to do. 他们将给你出主意怎么办。
【用法】1.其后接动词作宾语,要用动名词,不能用不定式,即说advise doing sth,不说 advise to do sth。2.表示建议某人做某事,要用 advise sb to do sth(此时的不定式作宾语补足语);若表示建议某人不要做某事,则用advise sb not to do sth 或 advise sb against doing sth。3.后接 that 引导的宾语从句时,从句谓语要用“should+动词原形”这样的虚拟语气:We advised her that she (should) wait. 我们劝她等。
affair[?????]n.[C]事件,事情,事务,私事,恋爱事件:foreign affairs 外交事务 / school affairs 校务 / How are your affairs going? 你的情况怎么样?
afford[??????] vt. 买得起,经受得住,承担得起:I can’t afford to buy a car. 我买不起汽车。/ We can’t afford to pay such a price. 我们付不起这个价钱。
【用法】1.常与can, could, be able to 连用。2.其后可接名词、代词或不定式作宾语,若意思明确,可省略有关成分:afford to buy a car =afford a car 买得起小车 / afford the time for a holiday=afford a holiday 抽得出时间去度假
afraid[???????] adj.(用作表语)害怕的,担心的;恐怕:Don’t be afraid. 不用怕。/ He is afraid to say that. 他不敢说那事。/ I was afraid of waking him. 我担心会把他吵醒。/ I’m afraid you’re wrong. 恐怕是你错了。
【比较】1. be afraid to do sth与be afraid of doing sth:前者指害怕(不敢)做某事,而后者有两个意思,一是表示害怕做某事(此时可be afraid to do sth 互换),二是表示担心会发生某情况(所担心的情况不一定会发生,此时不能与 be afraid to do sth 互换)。2. I’m afraid not 与 I’m not afraid:前者为委婉的否定回答,意为“恐怕不?”;后者意为“我不怕”。
Africa[???????]n.非洲:Africa is a continent. 非洲是个大陆。 African[????????] adj.非洲的,非洲人的 n.[C]非洲人
after[??????] prep.在?后面 conj.在?以后 adv.在后,后来:What did you do after leaving school? 离开学校之后你干什么了? / I will tell them after you leave (have left). 你走了之后我再告诉他们。/ We arrived soon after. 我们随后就到了。
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【辨析】1. after与behind:前者指位次的先后,后者指位置的前后。2. after与in:前者以过去时间为起点,通常连用过去时态;而in 则以现在时间为起点,通常连用将来时态。但是,若表示在某一点时间之后,则只能用after(无论是现在还是过去):I’ll leave here after 6 o’clock. 我6点后离开这儿。
afternoon[???????????] n.[C,U]下午,午后:He returned in the late afternoon. 他是在傍晚时分回来的。/ This afternoon will be cloudy, turning clear. 今天下午阴转晴。 again[??????] adv.再一次,又,再:After the storm it became calm again. 暴风雨过后,天气又恢复平静无风。/ Look to it that this doesn’t happen again. 注意不要再发生这种事。
【短语】again and again 再三地,反复地 / once again 再一次
against[??????????] prep. 相反,反对,逆着,靠着,倚着:Are you for or against it? 你是支持它还是反对它? / Drug taking is against the law. 吸毒是违法的。/ It is a great joy to battle against nature. 与大自然作斗争,其乐无穷。
【注意】against 是介词,不是动词,所以不能说 Do you against?之类的。
age[????] n.年龄,时代,(用复数表示)长时间:What is your age? 你年纪多大?/ She died in 1936 at the age of 84. 她死于1936年,享年84岁。/ I haven’t seen him for ages. 我已好长时间没有见到他了。
【注意】不要按汉语习惯将“他年纪轻”说成He age is young. 可说成 He is young. ago[?????] adv.以前:That was some twenty years ago. 那大约是20年前。/ We came a week ago, since when the weather has been bad. 我们一星期前来到这里,从那时起天气一直不好。
agree[??????] v.同意,赞成,答应:She agreed to my idea. 她同意我的想法。/ I quite agree with what you say. 你所说的我很赞成。/ If you agree, so; if not, so. 如果你同意,就这样;如果你不同意,也这样。
【比较】agree to do sth 同意做某事 / agree with sb 赞成某人的意见,与某人意见相同 / agree on (upon) 对?持相同观点 / agree to 同意(某项计划、建议、安排等)
【注意】不要将汉语的“同意某人做某事”直译为agree sb to do sth,可改说agree to let sb do sth等。
agriculture[???????????] n.[U]农业,农艺,农学:United States Department of Agriculture 美国农业部
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