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III. 完成句子（用括号所给的词语或要求完成下列句子）

1. Do you________________________(有困难自我介绍) to a foreign guest? (difficulty)

2. Just before the class began, Mr. Smith came into the classroom _______________(手里拿着很多书). (独立结构)

3. I have always been honest and straight forward, and it doesn‘t matter ______________________(我到底是与谁在交谈). (强调句型)

4. In only fifty years, English has developed into the language ______________________(世界最广为说和用的). (最高级)

5. At the same time, British English and American English started borrowing words from other languages, _________________(最后有很多不同的词). (end)

课内重点剖析 单词点睛

1. request n/ vt 规则变化:-ed -ed现在分词:-ing

词义：要求；请求

同义/近词：ask, want, need, require, demand

必记搭配：request sth from sb 向某人要求某物

request sb to do sth请求某人做某事

at one.'s request /at the request of sb.应某人要求 by request 应…要求

in ( great ) request 有需求

例：I have a request to make of you.我有事求你。

She made a request for some water. 她请求给点水。 She requested him to go with her.她邀请他一同去。 [高考示例] （05上海）_

1.______ in the regulations that you should not tell other people the password of your e-mail account.

A. What is required B. What requires C. It is required D. It requires 答案C.

2. compare vt规则变化: -d;-d现在分词:comparing

词义：比较；对照；比喻；比作

同义/近词： contrast match

必掌握词组：compare with 对照;与?比较；比得上 compare…to把...比作； 比喻

Compared to/with……, 与?比较； 例：His parents always compare him with his cousins. 他父母常常将他和他堂兄们做比较。

Living in a town can't compare with living in the country in many respects. 在许多方面城市生活比不上在乡村生活。

The poet compares his lover to a rose in his poems. 诗人在他诗歌中把他的情人比作玫瑰花。

Compared to our small apartment, our uncle‘s house seemed like a palace. 跟我们的小公寓相比，叔叔的房子就像宫殿一般。 [高考示例] [2006浙江卷5]

When ______ different cultures, we often pay attention only to the differences without noticing the many similarities. A. compared B. being compared C. comparing D. having compared .答案C。

3. mean vt, vi 不规则变化: meant, meant 现在分词meaning

词义：意思是; 决定; 注定; 关系重大

必记搭配： mean sth/ doing sth 意思是；意味着

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mean to do 决定干….. be meant to do 照道理/应该

mean /much/a great deal/ little/ nothing 有意义/重要/不算什么 例：I mean the red one, not the green one. 我是指那个红的，不是绿的。

The dark clouds mean rain. 乌云是下雨的征兆。 I won‘t wait if it means delaying more than a week. 如果这意味着耽误一个多礼拜，那我就不等了。

I believe he is meant to be a soldier. 我相信他天生是要当军人的。

My friends mean a lot to me. 我的朋友对我来说非常重要。 [高考示例] [2001NMET春招]

--- Why haven‘t you bought any butter? --- I ________ to but I forget about it. A. liked B. wished C. meant D. expected

.答案C。 4. direct adv. adj.

[词 义] 径直地，中途不停地；直的，不偏不倚的

* direct用作副词时，意为“中途不停或转向”(=in a straight line, without stopping or turning aside)

[例] The next flight doesn‘t go direct to Rome, it goes by way of Paris.

下一个航班不直飞罗马，要途经巴黎。 He went direct to the railway station. 他直接去了车站。 directly用作副词时，除了表示空间上“径直地，中途不停地”之外，还表示时间上“马上，立刻”(=at once, immediately)，态度上“直率地，不转变抹角地”；并且可用作连词，意为“一?就?”。

[例] She drove directly to school. (空间上)

她直接开车到学校了。

He returned directly. (时间上) 他立刻就返回了。

She answered me very directly and openly. 她很直率坦诚地回答了我的问题。

She wrote me a letter directly she got there. (用作连词) 她一到那里就给我写了一封信。 5. majority n. 多数（人），大部分人 [形 容 词] major [反 义 词] minority

[必记搭配] in the majority

[例] The majority are in favour of the plan.

多数人赞同这个计划。

In the nursing profession, women are in a / the majority. 女性在护理行业中占多数。

6. widely adv. 广泛地，在很大范围，大大地

[派 生 词] wide a. 宽，阔；adv. 广阔，宽大，睁得大大的 widen v. 加宽 widespread a. 传播很广的 width n. 宽度

*用作副词时widely表程度上的宽，广泛；wide表具体距离上的宽。 [例] It is not widely known that he is a writer.

他作为一名作家还不广为人知。

She opened the door wide so that the room was lighter. 她把门打得很开，以便屋子更明亮。 [联 想] highly （抽象）高度地

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high （具体）高高地 deeply （抽象）深深地 deep （具体）很深 closely （抽象）密切地 close （具体）靠近 7. communicate vi. vt 交流，传递，表达；过去式，过去分词：-d, -d; 现在分词communicating [派 生 词] communication n. 交流，交通 [必记搭配] communicate with 与?交流

[例] We can communicate with people in most parts of the world by telephone.

通过电话我们可以与世界上大部分地区的人取得联系。 The purpose of language is communication. 语言的目标是交际。 8. however adv. 然而

[同/近义词] but conj. 然而

however与but同义，但however一般用作副词，常有逗号将其与其他成分隔开；but是连词，其后直接接一个句子。

[例] Jane, however, was enjoying herself thoroughly.

然而简却玩得十分开心。

There will still be difficulties, but they can be overcome. 尽管还会有困难，但是这些困难会被克服的。 9. replace vt. 放回原处，归还(=return)；代替(=take the place of)；过去式，过去分词：-d, -d;

现在分词：replacing

[例] All the books must be replaced on the shelves.

所有的书必须放回书架上去。

Can anything replace a mother‘s love and care? 有什么东西可以取代母爱？

短语储存

1. for the first time 第一次，首次 [联想] the first time * for the first time是介词短语作状语 the first time是名词短语，常用作连词，后跟一个从句。 [例] They met each other there for the first time.

他们第一次在那里见了面。

The first time I met Hanse I knew that he was an honest man. 我第一次见到汉斯时就认为他是一个诚实的人。 2. all the way 全程，一路上，自始至终地(=the whole way) [联想] on one‘s / the way to 在路上，即将成为? by the way 顺便说/问一下 in one‘s / the way 妨碍，挡路 in a way / in some ways 在某种程度上，从某种意义上说 by way of 经办，取道，为了? give way 让步，崩塌，让路 give way to 让位给 make one‘s way 前行 lose one‘s way 迷路 feel one‘s way 摸索着前进 push one‘s way 推进 go out one‘s way (to do sth) 特意，专门去做

[例] Jack climbed all the way to the top of the mountain though he is a boy of twelve.

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尽管杰克只是一个12岁的孩子，他是一路自己登上山顶的。 3. make yourself at home 别客气，随意，不要拘束 [联想] be / feel at home 随便，自由自地

[例] Do sit down by the fire and make yourself at home

请务必在火旁坐下来，不必拘束。 4. get it 了解，明白，听懂

[联想] make it 成功，及时到达

[例] I don‘t get it; why did he say such things to her?

我不明白；他为什么会对她说这种事情呢？ 5. in total 总计，加起来 [联想] in all 总计，总共 altogether 总计，总共

[例] The cost of the various repairs amounts in total to just over a hundred pounds.

各项维修费用加起来总计超过一百英镑。

There were twenty persons in all present at the party. 参加晚会的共有20人。 6. the number of ?的数目 [联想] a number of 许多? * the number of后接复数名词，此短语作主语时，谓语动词用单数形式。

a number of后接复数名词，谓语动词亦用复数形式

[例] The number of the students in our school is increasing every year.

我校学生的人数每年在增加。

A number of books are missing from the library every year. 每年图书馆总会丢失很多书。

7. bring in 获利；赚；引进

联想： bring about 引起；使发生 bring down 降低…的价格

bring forth 生产；生（孩子）

bring forward 把?提前

bring on 引起；导致

bring out 生产；制造；使显露; 出版 bring up 教育；养育；呕吐 [高考示例] .（05重庆24）

His idea of having weekly family meals together, which seemed difficult at first, has ______ many good changes in their lives

A. got through B. resulted from C. turned into D. brought about

.答案D。句意：让家人一周聚餐一次，他的这个想法已经给他们的生活带来了许多好的变化，而起初似乎很难实现。get through“通过”； result from“由 造成”，后接原因； turn into“变成”，都不合题意；bring about导致，带来，后接结果，合题意。 8. come about 发生，产生，造成 [联想] happen 发生 take place 发生，举行 break out 发生，爆发 occur 发生，出生

[例] How did these differences come about?

这些差异是怎么产生的？

Sometimes it‘s hard to tell how a quarrel comes about. 有时真的还难说清一场争吵是怎样产生的。 [典题示例] (2006·湖北卷)

It‘s already 10 o‘clock. I wonder how it ______ that she was two hours late on such a short trip.

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A. came over B. came out C. came about D. came up 答案：C

解析：come about产生，发生。 (2005·江西卷)

Please tell me how the accident ______. I am still in the dark. A. came by B. came upon C. came to D. came about 答案：D

解析：come about意为“发生，产生”。 9. end (up) with 以?(方式)结束 [联想] close with 以?结束 begin with 以?开始 start with 以?开始 end (up) as 最后成了? end up in 在?中结束

[例] The party ended up with the singing of Auld Lang Syne.

晚会以合唱“友谊地久天长”结束。

He tried several jobs and ended up as a lawyer. 他尝试过几份职业，最后成了一名律师。

If you go on doing that kind of thing you will end up in prison. 如果你还做这种事，你一定会终老牢狱的。 10. more or less 或多或少，大约

（1）表程度(=somewhat; almost)，译为“或多或少”；“在一定程度上”。 （2）表数量(=about)，常位于数词之后，译为“大约”。 [例] We hope our explanation will prove more or less helpful.

希望我们的说明或多或少有些帮助。

Today they covered 60 kilometres, more or less. 今天他们走了60公里左右。

句型透视

1. What is it that Joe can‘t find in the bathroom? 在盥洗室里乔找不到的东西到底是什么？

本句是强调句型：It is +强调部分+that从句。本句型用于强调句中的除开谓语之外的某一成分，如主语、宾语或状语。

[例] I met Peter yesterday in the library.

我昨天在图书馆里碰到了彼得。

It was I that / who met Peter yesterday in the party. (强调主语) 是我在昨天图书里碰到彼得的。

It was Peter that / who / whom I met yesterday in the library. (强调宾语) 我昨天在图书馆里碰到的是彼得。

It was yesterday that I met Peter in the library. (强调时间状语) 我是在昨天图书馆里碰到彼得的。

It was in the library that I met Peter yesterday. (强调地点状语) 我是在图书馆里碰到彼得的。 强调句型应注意的要点：

①强调句中的连接词一般只用who(指人)，强调主句，whom(指人，强调宾语)或that(指物或人)；若被强调的是状语，只能用that，而不能用when或者where；连接词不能省略。

②强调句子的主语时，that或who之后的谓语动词的人称和数要与它前面被强调的名词或代词一致。

[例] It is Mary who often comes to school late. 是玛丽上学经常迟到。

③判断是否是强调句的一般方法是：如果将句中的It is / was … that / who …去掉，经整理后还是一个完整的句子，本句就是强调句。否则，不是。

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