福建省福州市2015高考英语（四月）阅读、短文语法填空自练(11)

2015福州市高考英语（四月）阅读、短文语法填空自练（11）答案

【由上海市徐汇区2014诊断卷改编】

阅读理解。阅读下面短文，从每题所给的A、B、C、D四个选项中，选出最佳选项。

It is evident that there is a close connection between the capacity to use language and the capacities covered by the verb “to think”. Indeed, some writers have identified thinking with using words: Plato coined the saying, “In thinking the soul is talking to itself”; J. B. Watson reduced thinking to inhibited(拘谨的) speech located in the minute(微小的) movements or tensions of the physiological mechanisms involved in speaking; and although Ryle is careful to point out that there are many senses in which a person is said to think and in which words are not in evidence, he has also said that saying something in a specific frame of mind is thinking a thought.

Is thinking reducible to, or dependent upon, language habits? It would seem that many thinking situations are hardly distinguishable from the skillful use of language, although there are some others in which language is not involved. Thought cannot be simply identified with using language. It may be the case, of course, that the non-linguistic skills involved in thought can only be acquired and developed if the learner is able to use and understand language. However, this question is one which we cannot hope to answer in this book. Obviously being able to use language makes for a considerable development in all one’s capacities but how precisely this comes about we cannot say. At the common-sense level it appears that there is often a distinction between thought and the words we employ to communicate with other people. We often have to struggle hard to find words to capture what our thinking has already grasped, and when we do find words we sometimes feel that they fail to do their job properly. Again when we report or describe our thinking to other people we do not merely report unspoken words and sentences. Such sentences do not always occur in thinking, and when they do they are merged with vague imagery and the hint of unconscious or subliminal（潜意识） activities going on just out of rage. Thinking, as it happens, is more like struggling, striving, or searching for something than it is like talking or reading.

Again the study of speech disorders due to brain injury disease suggests that patients can think without having adequate control over their language. Some patients, for example, fail to find the names of objects presented to them and are unable to describe simple events which they witness; they even find it difficult to interpret long written notices. But they succeed in playing games of chess or draughts. They can use the concepts needed for chess playing or draught playing but are unable to use many of the concepts in ordinary language. How they manage to do this we do not know. Presumably human beings have various capacities for thinking situations which are likewise independent of language.

1、According to the theory of \A. talking to the soul B. concealed speech

C. speaking nonverbally D. a non-linguistic behavior

2、What does the author think about the relationship between language and thinking? A. The ability to use language enhances one’s capacity of thinking. B. Words and thinking match more often than not. C. Thinking never goes without language.

D. Language and thinking are generally distinguishable.

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3、According to the author, when we intend to describe our thoughts, we______. A. merely report internal speech

B. have to search for proper words in the way we read C. are overwhelmed with vague imagery

D. sometimes are not able to find appropriate words

4、Why are patients with speech disorders able to think without having adequate control of language?

A. They use different concepts. B. They do not think linguistically.

C. It still remains an unsolved mystery. D. Thinking is independent of language. 【参考答案】1—4、BADC

阅读理解。阅读下列短文，从每题所给的四个选项（A、B、C和D）中，选出最佳选项。 An idea that started in Seattle's public library has spread throughout America and beyond．The concept is simple: help to build a sense of community in a city by getting everyone to read the same book at the same time．

In addition to encouraging reading as a pursuit（追求） to be enjoyed by all, the program allows strangers to communicate by discussing the book on the bus, as well as promoting reading as an experience to be shared in families and schools．The idea came from Seattle librarian Nancy Pearl who launched（发起） the \．Her original program used author visits, study guides and book discussion groups to bring people together with a book, but the idea has since expanded to many other American cities, and even to Hong Kong． In Chicago, the mayor（市长） appeared on television to announce the choice of To Kill a Mockingbird as the first book in the \．As a result, reading clubs and neighborhood groups sprang up around the city．Across the US, stories emerged of parents and children reading to each other at night and strangers chatting away on the bus about plot and character．

The only problem came up in New York, where local readers could not decide on one book to represent the huge and diverse population．This may show that the idea works best in medium-sized cities or large towns, where a greater sense of unity can be achieved．Or it may show that New Yorkers rather missed the point, putting all their energy and passion into the choice of the book rather than discussion about a book itself．

Ultimately, as Nancy points out, the level of success is not measured by how many people read a book, but by how many people are enriched by the process, or have enjoyed speaking to someone with whom they would not otherwise have shared a word． 66．What is the purpose of the project launched by Nancy? A．To invite authors to guide readers． B．To involve people in community service． C．To encourage people to read and share． D．To promote the friendship between cities．

67．Why was it difficult for New Yorkers to carry out the project? A．They came from many different backgrounds．

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