外研版高中英语必修三知识点-语法总结超全

必修三知识点汇总

Module 1 Europe 重要短语：

make A into B/be made of because of因为 under control被控制住

thanks to由于；多亏了 work on从事/做…工作；忙于 out of control 失去控制

have…in common due to/owing to由于 in the control of由…控制/管理/负责

as a result of由于…的结果 refer to 参考/指的是/涉及/适用于 lose control of对…失去控制 be covered by/with have control over/of对…有控制have a population of有多少人口 be known for/as/to 权 little by little渐渐地

in one’s thirties make A out of B用B制成A Beyond control无法控制

compare A with/and B比较A和B in the long/short term就长/短期而言 compare…to…把…比作…. come to terms=make terms达成协议，和好 compared with/to…与…比较起来 bring sb. to terms使某人接收条件 belong to be on good/bad terms with sb.与某人交情好/不好 increase(reduce) to/by be faced with面临，面对in terms of根据/从…方面来说/从…的观点 face to face along the coast just the opposite恰恰相反 off the coast在(离开海面的)海岸上 keep a cool head保持头脑清醒 ever since自从/一直 lose one’s head惊慌失措，失去理智 on the one /other hand一方面/另一方面 head for朝着…前进 be located in=lie in=be situated in坐落于 get into a difficult situation陷入困难的状况 There+be/exist/lie/stand/appear+主…有…存在 get out of a difficult situation摆脱困难的状况 （be）opposite to在…对面，与…相反 save the situation挽回局势

重要句型：

1. It is one of the most beautiful cities in the world. one of the +形容词最高级+ 可数名词复数 最。。。。之一 2. Portugal is to the west of Spain.

①表示位置: A is/lies in/on/to/off the+方向+of B

A is located/situated in/on/to/off the+方向+of B ②位置+距离: A is (about)+距离+（to the）+方向+of B in ,on和to表地理方位的区别

（1） 表示A在B的范围内（2） 强调A和B两地接壤时，用on.（3） A在B的范围之外，两者之间没有所属关系时用to。如：Our school is to the west of the hospital.我们学校在医院的西面。 3. on the coast和off the coast

on表示“位于河畔或铁路，公路及海岸等沿线上”；off表示“稍离陆地，在沿岸的海里”。如： 4. 表示倍数的四种句型：

1）This bridge is 3 times longer than that one.这座桥比那座桥长3倍。 2) This bridge is 4 times as long as that one这座桥是那座桥的4倍长。 3）A is … times the size/length/width/height/depth of B

This room is 3 times the size of that one.这间房间的大小是那间的3倍。 4) A + v. …times as many/much + n.+ as B

The factory has produced 3 times as many cars as it did last year. 这个厂今年的汽车产量是去年的3倍。

语法要求：

一： 一般现在时和一般过去时的被动语态

被动语态由“be+及物动词的过去分词(+by) ”构成。被动语态发生时态变化时只变be形式，过去分词不变。 现在时被动语态：am/ is/ are + 过去分词 过去时被动语态：was/ were + 过去分词 二：主谓一致：本单元主要强调第二个原则

语法一致原则。句子的主语是单数，谓语动词用单数形式；主语是复数，谓语动词用复数形式。 注意：(1) something, everybody, nobody , either, neither, each等不定代词作主语时，谓语需用单数。

(2) 当主语后面跟有with, together with, along with, as well as, like, including, except, rather than, but, 等时，谓语动词的单复数形式仍然要与这些词语前面的主语保持一致。

3）表示时间，重量，长度，价格等的复数名词，作主语从整体来看时，谓语动词用单数。 4）非谓语动词，从句或其他短语作主语，谓语动词用单数形式。 例如：Early to bed and early to rise is healthful. 5）如果主语是由and连接的两个单数名词，但前面有each, every, no 等词修饰时，谓语用单数。例如： Every boy and girl in this region is taught to read and write. 6) 谓语动词用单数的情况：

many a …，more than one…，Every… and every…/，no…and no…/each…and each… one and a half，a…or two，a/the (…and…) 指同一人、事物或概念 the number of…a great deal of / a large amount of 2. 意义一致原则。

1)一些集合名词，如：family, enemy, class, population, army等作主语时，谓语动词的单复数要根据实际含义而定。当表示整体意义时，用单数；当强调个体成员时，用复数。如：

2） 由there或here引起的主语，而又不止是一个时，采取就近原则。例如： Here is a pen, a few envelopes and some paper for you.

3. 邻近性原则。neither…nor, either…or, not only…but also, or连接两个名词或代词作主语时；由there, here引导的句子，并且主语不止一个时，谓语动词通常与邻近它的主语保持一致。

Module 2 重要短语：

agree to the plan (suggestion, proposal) 同意（建议，安排） measure sth in/by sth用···来衡量 agree with sb.同意某人的观点或看法，适合 agree on/upon sth达成协议一致意见 make efforts/ an effort to do sth. 努力做某事 spare no effort不遗余力with/without effort费力地/毫不费力地

be connected with achieve one’s goal get(be) close to靠近，接近，即

at the top of /at the bottom of 将发生 on a high/low income高/低收入

as a result of由于 live with与..住/忍受 income tax (个人)所得税

with the development of as a result结果 up to直到/到…为止/多达

result in导致 make progress进步 under development在发展中 result from由…引起 be similar to与…相似 figure out算出/解决/理解/弄明白 in/during the last ten years encourage sb to do sth be up to=be fit for胜任，适合于 receive a good education take measures to do采取措施 share sth. with sb.与某人分享 be willing to do sth. be crowded with充满，满是 share (in)sth.共享 make comparisons作比较 in exchange for交换 life expectancy预期寿命;平均寿命重要句型：

1.be be important to sb.

of+抽象名词=be+该名词的同根形容词

eg. His advice is of value to us. = valuable This dictionary is of great use. =useful What he said is of importance for you. = important 2.. till ：直到

up to sth be fit for ：胜任Li Ping is not up to his job.

be busy in doing sth ：忙着做…

be up to sb=be left to sb to decide ：由…决定/ 负责

3. sure

1) make sure表示“务必”，“确信”，“弄明白”，后面常接 of/about sth.或that引导的宾语从句。 Make sure(that) you will arrive there on time. 你务必准时到这。 I know there’s a train this afternoon, but I must make sure of the time. 2）be sure of, be sure that 对···有把握，对···确定，确信

Can we be sure of his honesty. /Can we be sure that he is honest? I’m sure of winning the game. 3) be sure to do 说话人推测主语“一定；必然会”或 (常用于祈使句)务必做某事

He is sure to be back soon. 他一定会很快回来。 Be sure not to forget it. 千万别忘了。 注意：be sure of 与be sure to do的区别：

①.He is sure of his success. =He is sure that he will succeed. 他确信他会成功。 ②.He is sure to succeed. 他一定会成功。(说话人的看法)

③. Be sure to write and tell me all your news. 务必来信把你所有情况都告诉我。

另外，常见的与sure相关的短语还有：be sure of oneself 有自信心，for sure的确；确实地， sure enough果真，果然。 用于口语，此时的“Sure.”相当于“Of course.” 与“Certainly.”。 4. From the agreement came the Human Development Report.

表示方位或方式的副词和介词短语放在句首用完全倒装, 即谓语动词完全置于主语之前。 At the foot of the mountain lies a small village. Out rushed the children.孩子们冲了出去。 Here comes the bus. 车来了。(To the) south of our school stand many shops. 【部分倒装】

①only修饰副词、介词短语或状语从句，放于句首

②否定副词never, nor, not, hardly, little, seldom等放于句首 ③ so+adj/adv+(倒装)+ that

1. Only when he returned did we find out the truth (We found out the truth only when he returned.) 2. Never before have I seen such a moving film.(I have never seen such a moving film before)

3. So clearly does he speak English that he can always make himself understood.(He speaks English so clearly that~)

5． S.+ be + adj. + to do

easy/ good/ safe/comfortable/ dangerous/hard/ difficult… 1).The water is not pure to drink (drink)

2).He needs a chair comfortable to sit on.(sit )

3).The young man felt the room cold to live in (live)

语法要求：

1. but和however的联系和区别

however作副词用时,表示“然而；但是”,可以位于句首、句中和句末；位于句首时,要用逗号与句子其它部分隔开；位于句中时,其前后都要用逗号；位于句末时其前用逗号分开.

however与but 两者都做“但是,然而”讲,而且都引出并列句.从语义上看,but所表示的是非常明显的对比,转折的意味较however要强.从语序上看,but总是位于所引出的分句之首,而however却可位于句首、句中和句末,同时从标点符号上看,but之后一般不得使用逗号,而however则必须用逗号与句子其它部分分开. 2. although引导状语从句

Module3 重要短语: pick up put out熄灭 first of all首先 at sea迷茫 report on报道… come to an end结束，完结 on average fall down turn over移交; 翻转 natural disaster from side to side according to

take place catch fire失火/着火 in all总共，合计

pour down倾泻而下 not at all一点也不，别客气 a total of总数为 set fire to放火烧 after all毕竟，终究 manage to do sth. above all首先，尤其是 in ruins严重受损，破败不堪 sth.occurs to sb.某事被某人想起 fall into ruin已成废墟 it occurs to sb. + that-clause某人突然想到… bring sb. to ruin毁灭某人 it occurs to sb. to do sth.某人突然想到做某事 end up到达或来到某处 on the same latitude在同一纬度 end up with sth.以某事作为结束 warn sb. (not)to do sth.警告某人（不）干某事 end up doing sth.以做某事为结束 warn sb. of sth.警告某人当心某事 bury oneself in sth.埋头于、专心致志于某事物 be experienced in/at在…方面有经验 be buried in埋头于，专心致志于

重要句型:

1.A good idea suddenly struck me. 我忽然想到一个好主意 strike sb.+介词+the +具体部位 打某人的某个部位

eg. strike him on the back打某人的背 hit sb in the face打某人的脸

pat sb on the shoulder 拍某人的肩膀 be struck by被…所打动，被…迷住 【注意区分】strike, hit, beat, knock

strike “(钟)敲打，撞击，袭击”， 表示有力的打一下。

beat 连续地打，心脏的跳动，在游戏、竞赛或战争中击败对方，也可表示殴打，体罚。 hit 瞄准某物而击中。也可表示“袭击” knock 用拳头或硬的东西“敲、击、打 2. words occur happen break out take place meanings 偶然发生；突然想起 It occurred to sb. that …. 偶然发生；碰巧 It happened that… / sb. happen to do sth. (战争、火灾、疾病、争吵) 突然爆发 (有计划地)发生; 举行

3.There was the possibility of… It is possible that… 语法要求：

1. by the time意为“到……时候（为止）”，是一个介词短语，在句中经常起连词作用，引导时间状语从句。它的主要用法如下：

1).如果从句中的谓语动词是一般过去时，那么主句中的谓语动词通常用过去完成时，表示“截止到从句动作发生时，主句动作已经完成，即过去的过去”。 By the time…did…, sb. had done sth.

By the time he returned home，the rain had stopped. 2).如果从句中的谓语动词为一般现在时/或现在完成时（表示将来），那么主句中的谓语动词常为将来完成时，表示“截止到将来某一时间为止，主句动作将已经完成”。 By the time…do/does…, sb. will have done sth.

By the time you get back，I shall have finished the work. 3).如果主句动作不强调已经完成，只是说明某个时候的状况，（主句是be的系表形式或者是表示像know, find, believe等表示认知的持续性动词，则往往用一般时态，不用完成时态。）此时主句不用完成时，而应根据实际需要选用适当的时态，此时by the time相当于when。 例如：

He was out of breath by the time he reached the top. 登上顶端时，他气喘吁吁。 2. 过去完成时的被动语态：had+过去分词

3. 间接引语。英语中常用两种方式引用别人的话。一种是直接引述别人的原话，把它放在引号内，叫直接引语；另一种是用自己的话转述别人的话，叫间接引语。如果把直接引语变为间接引语，从句中的人称、时态、代词、时间状语和地点状语等一般都要作相应的改变。 3. 定语从句。

Module 4 重要短语

cut out剪除;切掉;割掉 cut of切断;停掉;隔绝 cut down砍掉;消减 cut up切碎;使伤心 cut in插嘴 dig up挖出

be caught in被困在(风、雨、雪…)中 catch up with赶上;跟上 catch hold of抓住,握住

catch sight of看见 walk up to认识到/意识到 sweep away扫除/清除/冲走/刮走 take in吸入（空气）;欺骗;体会;收容 give out分发;发出(气味、热气)；用尽 take away带走 take up举起,开始做;占据 give off送出;发出（光等） take off 脱下,拿掉,起飞 give up放弃 give away赠送;放弃;泄漏;出卖

have an effect on … take on承担 give in屈服;让步,投降

complain to sb向…诉苦/发牢骚 the masses群众,平民 if any如果有的话 complain about/of sth抱怨某事 in the mass大体而论,总体上 if necessary如果需要的话 one after another一个接一个 a weather forecast天气预报 if so如果是这样的话 look through仔细检查 give/make a forecast预言,预报 if ever如果曾经有的话

solve problems be part of成为…的一部分 if not不这样的话

masses of/a mass of许多,大量 if possible如果可能 think seriously about认真考虑prevent/stop/keep…(from)doing be concerned with/in与…有关 in a nutshell/ in a word/ in brief/ in short一言以蔽之 as far as sth.is concerned就某事而言 be concerned for/about/over …对…关心,担心,忧虑

重要句型

1. appear to…似乎，好像/ It appears that…

① He is only forty , but appears to be (be) quite old.

② It appears to me thatThe girl appears to have known (know) it. 这女孩好像已经知道了这件事。

③It appears to me that you are all mistaken. 我觉得你们全错了。 2. words meanings strength force energy power 着重指人的力气，物的强度。 自然力量；暴力，势力；法律，道德，感情力量；军事力量等 主要指人的精力；自然界的能量 用途最广，包括能力，功能；事物的力量；职权，权力或政权 3. so…that…/ such… that…. 引导结果状语从句 【注意】1)such 与 so 2)little少/小

3)当so 或such 置于句首时，主句要用倒装语序。 The boy was so frightened that he didn’t know what to do.

改为倒装句：So frightened was the boy that he didn’t know what to do. 4.I couldn’t agree with you more / it couldn’t be worse if possible

语法要求：

一：to do不定式

(一)结构: to do (否定) not to do (二)不定式的各种时态 一般式 进行式 完成式 完成进行式 主动语态 to do to be doing to have done to have been doing 被动语态 to be done ---------- to have been done ---------- (三)用法 1). 主

To see is to believe.

It’s important to learn .用it作形式主语. 2). 表

My job is to help the patient. Your task is to clean the classroom. 3) 宾

I want to go home.

☆think/ consider/ find /make/feel it + adj.+ to do 常用动词不定式作宾语的动词有：

hope, refuse, learn, set out choose, decide, agree, manage, pretend, plan. 4). 宾

warn, tell, allow, help, ask, force

The teacher told me to clean the blackboard. I expect you to give me some help.

五看watch see look at observe notice 三使let make have 二听listen to hear 一感觉: feel

不定式用在介词but, except, besides后时,如果这些介词前有行为动词do的各种形式,那么介词后的不定式不带to,相反则带to.

①She could do nothing but cry. ②I have no choice but to go.

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