2010年口译笔译考试词汇复习指导：机关机构
化学工业部 Ministry of Chemical Industry办公厅 General Office计划司 Planning Department外事司 Foreign Affairs Department人事司 Personnel Department化工新材料局 New Chemical Material Department化工司 Chemical
Department橡胶司 Rubber Department炼化司 Department of Refining and Chemicals矿山司 Chemical Mines Bureau化工规划院 Chemical Planning Institute设备总公司 Equipment General Corporation基建局 Capital Construction Department教
育司 Education Department化肥司 Chemical Fertilizer Department供销局 Department of Supply and Sales二、 市属机械译名北京市人大常委会 Standing Committee of Beijing Municipal People‘s Congress中国共产党北京市委员会Beijing
Municipal Committee of the CPC中国人民政治协商会议北京市委员会 Beijing Municipal Committee of the CPPCC北京市人民政府 Beijing Municipal People‘s Government高级人民法院 High People‘s Court人民检察院 People‘s
Procuratorate外事办公室 Foreign Affairs Office侨务办公室 Overseas Chinese Affairs Office财贸办公室 Office of Finance and Trade文教办公室 Office of Culture and Education计划委员会 Planning Committee经济委员会 Economic Committee
城乡建设委员会 Committee of Municipal and Rural Construction科学技术委员会 Committee of Science and Technology城市规划委员会 Committee of Municipal Design对外经贸委员会 Committee of Economic Trade for Foreign Countries市政
管理委员会 Municipal Administration Committee民族委员会 Nationalities Committee体育委员会 Physical Culture and Sports Committee
2010年中级口译：中英汉习语的异同比较
从形和义的角度来看，英汉习语的异同大体表现在以下四个方面：
A.英汉习语形义全同
这类习语为数少，例如：
Barking dogs do not bite.吠犬不咬人。
Who is contented, enjoys.知足者常乐。
Misfortunes never come singly.祸不单行。
It is harder to change human nature than to change rivers and mountains.江山难改，本性难移。
Like father, like son. 有其父必有其子。
B. 习语形义基本相同
这类习语比上面一类在数量上要多些，例如：
as light as a feather(or as thistle-down)轻如鸿毛
to take a load off one’s mind如释重负
to run in the same groove; to cut from the same cloth.如出一辙
to make a beast of oneself形同禽兽
He that hath been bitten by a serpent is afraid of a rope.一朝被蛇咬，十年怕草绳。
Shallow streams make most din.水深不响， 水响不深。
Money makes the mare go.有钱能使鬼推磨。
Reckless youth makes rueful age.少壮不努力，老大徒伤悲。
C.英汉习语形似义异
这类习语相当多，例如：
When a dog is drowning every one offers him drink.
英文含义：狗若落水人人救，强调人人伸出援之手.
中文对应语：救了落水狗，反咬你一口。强调好心得不到好报
Ignorance of the law is no excuse of breaking it.
英文含义：法盲犯法不可恕，强调严格执行法律。
中文对应语：不知者无罪。强调网开一面。
Strike while the iron is hot
英文含义：强调\抓住时机\
中文对应语：趁热打铁，着重\抓紧行动\
Lock the stable-door after the horse is stolen.
英文含义：强调为时已晚。
中文对应语：亡羊补牢。强调受到损失后想法弥补，以免再受损失。
D.英汉习语形异义似
A word spoken is past recalling. 一言既出，驷马难追。
Great boast, small roast.干打雷， 不下雨。
Take not a musket to kill a butterfly. 杀鸡焉用宰牛刀。
as dumb as an oyster 守口如瓶
to hit someone below the belt/to stab someone in the back 暗箭伤人(below the belt来自于拳击，击中对手腰部以下是算犯规的;相应的口语中有一种说法：a low-blow，意为卑鄙的偷袭、手段。)
as weak as water 弱不禁风
E.英汉习语形义完全不同
cast one’s bread upon the waters不期望报答所作之事
中高级口译阅读训练：东西方大脑差异来自文化不同
West Brain, East Brain——What a difference culture makes
By now, it should come as no surprise when scientists discover yet another case of experience changing the brain. From the sensory information we absorb to the movements we make, our lives leave footprints on the bumps and fissures of our cortex, so much so that experiences can alter \brain structures. Through rehab, stroke patients can coax a region of the motor cortex
on the opposite side of the damaged region to pinch-hit, restoring lost mobility; volunteers who are blindfolded for just five days can reprogram their visual cortex to process sound and touch. Still, scientists have been surprised at how deeply culture—the language we speak, the values we absorb—shapes the brain, and are rethinking findings derived from studies of Westerners. To take one recent example, a region behind the forehead called the medial prefrontal cortex supposedly represents the self: it is active when we (\being the Americans in the study) think of our own identity and traits. But with Chinese volunteers, the results were strikingly different. The \themselves, but also when they considered whether it described their mother. The Westerners showed no such overlap between self and mom. Depending whether one lives in a culture that views the self as autonomous and unique or as connected to and part of a larger whole, this neural circuit takes on quite different functions.
\neuroscience,\as this new field is called, is about discovering such differences. Some of the findings, as with the \differences. For instance, it is a cultural cliché that Westerners focus on individual objects while East Asians pay attention to context and background (another manifestation of the individualism-collectivism split). Sure enough, when shown complex, busy scenes, Asian-Americans and non-Asian--Americans recruited different brain regions. The Asians showed more activity in areas that process figure-ground relations—holistic context—while the Americans showed more activity in regions that recognize objects.
Psychologist Nalini Ambady of Tufts found something similar when she and colleagues showed drawings of people in a submissive pose (head down, shoulders hunched) or a dominant one (arms crossed, face forward) to Japanese and Americans. The brain’s dopamine-fueled reward circuit became most active at the sight of the stance—dominant for Americans, submissive for Japanese—that each volunteer’s culture most values, they reported in 2009. This raises an obvious chicken-and-egg question, but the smart money is on culture shaping the brain, not vice versa.
Cultural neuroscience wouldn’t be making waves if it found neurobiological bases only for well-known cultural differences. It is also uncovering the unexpected. For instance, a 2006 study found that native Chinese speakers use a different region of the brain to do simple arithmetic (3 + 4) or decide which number is larger than native English speakers do, even though both use Arabic numerals. The Chinese use the circuits that process visual and spatial information and plan movements (the latter may be related to the use of the abacus). But English speakers use language circuits. It is as if the West conceives numbers as just words, but the East imbues them with symbolic, spatial freight. (Insert cliché about Asian math geniuses.) \would think that neural processes involving basic mathematical computations are universal,\says Ambady, but they \
Not to be the skunk at this party, but it’s important to ask whether neuroscience reveals anything more than we already know from, say, anthropology. For instance, it’s well known that East Asian cultures prize the collective over the individual, and that Americans do the opposite. Does identifying brain correlates of those values offer any extra insight? After all, it’s not as if anyone thought those values are the result of something in the liver.
词句笔记：
fissure：裂缝，缝隙 cortex：大脑皮层 dopamine：多巴胺 pinch-hit：代理 coax：劝诱，耐心处理 blindfold：将??眼睛蒙起来
correlate：vt.使互相关联；vi.（+to/with）与??有关联
中高级口译阅读训练：花样滑冰的难题
The music of Olympic figure skating isn’t what it could be
Music epitomizes the uneasy line that figure skating has long tried to walk between athleticism and art. Do you want a skater who creatively interprets the music and gives an ethereal, memorable performance? Or one who can nail all the jumps? The answer has never been clear.
That tension was brought into the spotlight at the 2002 Winter Games, when Russians Elena Berezhnaya and Anton Sikharulidze beat the Canadian pair of Jamie Salé and David Pelletier because their marks for \(the art part) overshadowed the Canadians’ clear win on \merit,\
The resulting controversy sparked a massive overhaul of the rules and judging system in 2004. Yet even under the new system, which involves minute scrutiny (with replays) of each technical element involved in a program, a part of the final total includes marks for choreography and interpretation -- the \part of the equation, which directly relates to the musical selection. Initially, the new rules inspired skaters with a new sense of caution. Skaters are \to use music that is repetitive and has less definition than it used to have,\\ But Weisiger doesn’t think the new rules are the whole problem. It’s \a new generation of choreographers,\ Even for those who do want to improve the musical level of the sport, there are limits to what you can do in less than five minutes, especially when you’re working with a skater, a choreographer and a coach who may all have their own ideas of what they want.
\who established a small side business on his CD-reviewing Web site, Classics Today, to advise figure skaters on their musical choices. Skaters tend to cling to what has done well before: \dance music (\
Even the musically knowledgeable do things to their musical selections that would outrage any purist. Alexander Goldstein, a Russian-born composer who has been arranging music for athletes since he worked with the Soviet figure skating and rhythmic gymnastics teams in the 1970s, points
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