颈深肌肌梭密度及背根节NT?3和Trk C 表达与退变性颈椎失稳关系

【摘要】  目的 研究人颈深肌肌梭密度及神经营养因子3（NT?3）、酪氨酸激酶C(Trk C)在相应背根神经节中的表达随年龄变化的规律，探讨它们在颈椎失稳中的作用。方法 经甲醛固定1年以内的尸体12具，按年龄分为婴儿组5具，青少年组3具，老年组4具，测定其颈深肌群中的颈长肌及头夹肌肌梭密度，应用免疫组化的方法观察NT?3、Trk C在相应背根节神经元的表达。结果婴儿组颈长肌、头夹肌肌梭密度均高于青少年组及老年组(F=19.28、93.47,q=7.11～16.58，P<0.01)，青少年组及老年组颈长肌、头夹肌肌梭密度无明显差异(q=0.112、0.597,P均>0.05)。与婴儿组比较，青少年组NT?3、Trk C免疫组化染色强，老年组染色弱，差异有显著性(F=53.32、141.99,q=3.507～23.663,P<0.01)。结论 肌梭密度变化对退变性颈椎失稳发生发展无太大的意义，NT?3、Trk C的分泌减少可能与退行性颈椎失稳有关。 
【关键词】  颈椎；肌梭；神经营养因子3；蛋白质酪氨酸激酶；神经节，脊
［ABSTRACT］ Objective To study the spindle density in human cervical deep muscles and immunohistochemical localization of Neutrophin?3 and tyrosine kinase C in human dorsal root ganglion,and find their relation with degenerated cervical spinal instability. Methods Twelve cadavers fixed with formalin within one year were used and divided into infant group (5 cadavers), teenager group (4) and senior group (4) based on their age. The spindle density of collilongus and splenius of head was determined and the expressions of the NT?3 and Trk C in dorsal root ganglions were observed immunohistologically.  Results In infant group, the spindle density was the highest among the three groups (F=19.28,93.47;q=7.11-16.58;P<0.01), no significant difference was found between teenager and senior groups (P>0.05). Compared with infant group, the immunohistochemical dyeing of NT?3 and Trk C in the teenager group was stronger and weaker in senior group, the differences were significant  (F=53.32,141.99;q=3.507-23.663;P<0.01). Conclusion The changes of spindle density does not show any great significance on the occurrence and development of degenerated cervical destabilization, decreased excretion of NT?3 and Trk C probably associate with this condition.
    ［KEY WORDS］ Cervical vertebrae; Muscle spindle; Neurotrophic factor 3; Protein?tyrosine kinase; Ganglia, spinal
    退变性颈椎失稳是指在颈椎退变过程中，椎骨及其周围结构不能维持颈段脊柱的生理平衡而导致椎体位移超过生理限度，并由此引起的一种临床综合征。关于其病因和发病机制，目前多侧重于椎骨、椎间盘、韧带和椎间关节等方面的研究。而正常颈部脊柱运动初始阶段最佳生理状态的维持有赖于颈深肌群的静力作用[1]，该最佳生理状态保证了有关运动单位运动顺畅从而避免失稳的发生。运动与姿势的调节并不只是由单一的因素决定的，需要感受器、神经传导、神经元、效应器共同参与[2,3]。某些神经营养因子则对该反射环路发育与功能维持起着至关重要的作用[4,5]。本文以经典环路为基础，联合研究肌梭（感受器）、神经营养因子3（NT?3）、酪氨酸激酶C (Trk C)（背根神经节中本体感觉神经元表达的营养因子及其受体）在颈椎失稳中的作用，以期为颈椎失稳的研究提供实验资料。
    1       材料和方法
    1.1       实验材料

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