内科学 呼吸系统试题(3)

Noun Explained 1 GINA 2 AHR

3 Bronchial provocation test 4 Quiet lung

5 Exercise-induced asthma SINGLE SUBJECT

1 Bronchial asthma is a lung typical signs

A．两肺满布湿罗音 B．两肺满布干罗音 C．两肺满布干湿罗音

D．两肺满布干罗音，肺底湿罗音 E．两肺可听到支气管呼吸音

E Bronchial breath sounds can be herad in lung 2 Diagnosis of bronchial asthma is based on A Blood eosinophilia increase B Elevated serum immunoglobulin C Obstructive ventilatory dysfunction

D Recurrent dyspnea with expiratory wheezing sound E Bronchial provocation test positive

3 What kind of disease following the use of terbutaline aerosol inhalation can rapidly improve dyspnea A lung cancer

B Acute pulmonary edema C Cardiac asthma D Bronchial asthma

E Chronic asthmatic bronchitis

4 Sodium guanosine color mechanism of the treatment of asthma A Mast cell membrane stability and prevent degranulation B Increase the cAMP concentration C Against the role of histamine

D Airway smooth muscle relaxation E Anti-inflammatory

5 Male patients, aged 49, shortness of breath for half a day. Had shortness of breath attack last spring. Inspection body: the body temperature of 37 degrees, sit up straight to breathe a small amount of scattered lung wheezing sound, ECG showed: sinus tachycardia, heart rate 130 times / min, diagnosis may be A Hypersensitivity pneumonitis B Cardiac asthma C Bronchial asthma D Acute bronchitis

E Chronic asthmatic bronchitis

6 Male patients, 46 years old, Kechuan 8 years, each in a white mucus phlegm coughing reduce shortness of breath, stop breathing. The sudden dyspnea 1 day, 2 hours left chest pain, may be A Bronchogenic carcinoma B Acute pulmonary embolism C Acute myocardial infarction

D Bronchial asthma and pneumothorax E Chronic asthmatic bronchitis

7 A risk to patient due to breathing attack. Not yet clear when in the diagnosis, in order to alleviate the symptoms should be chosen A β2-adrenoceptor agonist inhalation B Intravenous cedilanid C Intravenous aminophylline D Glucocorticoid inhalation E Intravenous glucocorticoid

8 the mechanism of Glucocorticoid treatment of asthma A Β2 adrenergic receptor agonist B Α-adrenergic receptor blocker C M-cholinergic receptor blocker D Activity of prostaglandin inhibitors

E None of the above

9 A major role in the β2-adrenergic receptor of the drug is A Shading alcohol ammonia B Adrenergic C Isoproterenol D Aminophylline E Glucocorticoid

10 Severe asthma attack, the blood gas analysis often shows A Respiratory acidosis B Respiratory alkalosis C Metabolic acidosis D Metabolic alkalosis E Normal MULTIPLE

1 Tracheal asthma as a relevant factor in A Genetic factors B Drug factors C Infection factors D Food factors E Pregnancy factors

2 the main reason Caused bronchial asthma is

A Climate Change B Respiratory tract infection C Exposure to antigen

D Did not insist on antibiotics E Not adhere Bronchodilation agent 3 Severe bronchial asthma following the latter group may be acid-base balance disorders

A Respiratory acidosis B Respiratory alkalosis C Respiratory acidosis combined metabolic acidosis D Respiratory acidosis combined metabolic alkalosis

E Combined metabolic alkalosis respiratory alkalosis 4 The performance of mild bronchial asthma is A Shortness of breath when walking

B No sweat

C Pulse rate of 100-120 times / min D Respiratory rate increased E odd pulse

5、重度支气管哮喘发作的临床表现是 A．休息时也气短

B．呼吸频率大于30次/分 C．常有响亮的哮鸣音

D．呼吸空气时血氧饱和度小于90% E．常呈前弓体位

6、危重支气管哮喘的临床表现是 A．不能讲话

B．嗜睡或意识模糊 C．胸腹部矛盾运动 D．有奇脉

E．常有响亮的哮鸣音

7、 气管哮喘时支气管的病理改变有

A．支气管内黏液栓

B．支气管平滑肌肌层肥厚 C．基底膜增厚 D．肺不张 E．肺气肿

8、 放射线检查对于支气管哮喘来说，其主要意义在于 A．发现并发症 B．明确诊断

C． 判断严重程度 D．明确病因

E．排除其他心肺疾病

9、 支气管哮喘长期反复发作可并发

A．肺不张

B．慢性支气管炎 C．阻塞性肺气肿 D．支气管扩张 E．间质性肺炎

10、气管哮喘诊断有确诊价值的是 A．反复发作的哮喘史 B．肺部散在哮鸣音 C．胸部放射线检查 D．血气分析 E．肺功能检查

哮 喘 题 库 答 案

简答题

1、简答支气管哮喘发病机制：

（1） 免疫学机制 （2） 气道炎症 （3） 气道高反应性 （4） 神经机制

2、何为支气管舒张试验？用途？

用来测定气道气流受限的可逆性。吸入支气管舒张药如沙丁按醇、特布他林等，如果第一秒用力呼气容积较用药前增加大于15%，而且绝对值增加大于200毫升，可以诊断为舒张试验阳性。 3, 简答支气管哮喘急性发作期的体征.

胸部呈过度充气状态,,有广泛的哮鸣音,呼气音延长。轻度或非常严重的哮喘发作，可以没有哮鸣音,称为寂静肺。严重哮喘患者可以出现心率加快，奇脉,发绀,胸腹反常运动。

4、哮喘慢性持续期病情严重度分级

第一级 间歇 第二级 轻度持续 第三级 中度持续 第四级 严重持续 5.支气管哮喘需要与那些疾病鉴别?

心源性哮喘 喘息型慢性支气管炎 支气管肺癌 变态反应性肺浸润 6、支气管哮喘发作期的合并症有那些? 气胸,纵隔气肿,肺不张。 7、常用的支气管舒张药有那些?

(1) β2肾上腺素受体激动剂 (2)抗胆碱药 (3)茶碱类药物

8、β2肾上腺素受体激动剂治疗哮喘的机制

主要通过作用于呼吸道的β2受体，激活腺苷酸环化酶,使环磷腺苷增加,游离钙离子减少,从而舒张支气管平滑肌,控制哮喘急性发作期症状。 9、试举出治疗支气管哮喘的三类抗炎药物.

(1) 糖皮质激素 (2) 白三稀受体拮抗剂 (3) 色苷酸钠及尼多酸钠 10、简述支气管哮喘的分期

急性发作期, 慢性持续期, 缓解期

论述题

1. 支气管哮喘的诊断标准

(1) 反复发作喘息、气急、胸闷或咳嗽,多与接触变应原、冷空气、化学刺

激、病毒性上呼吸道感染，运动有关。

(2) 发作时双肺散在以呼气相为主的哮鸣音,呼气延长. (3) 上述症状可经治疗缓解或自行缓解.

(4) 除外其他疾病引起的喘息、气急、胸闷和咳嗽.

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