常减压炼油工段仿真软件操作手册

北京市朝阳区小关东里10号院润宇大厦610室 (100029)

常减压炼油装置

仿真培训系统操作说明书

北京东方仿真控制技术有限公司

仿真教学事业部 二OO六年九月

Tel: 86-10-64951832, 64971654 Fax 86-10-64971664 E-mail: support@besct.com I 北京东方仿真控制技术有限公司（2013-08-04） 网址：http://www.besct.com

北京市朝阳区小关东里10号院润宇大厦610室 (100029)

目录

第一章 装置概况 ························································································································ 1 第一节 工艺流程简述 ··············································································································· 1 第二节 主要设备工艺控制指标 ······························································································· 5 一、闪蒸塔T-101 ·················································································································· 5 二、常压塔T-102 ·················································································································· 5 三、减压塔 ····························································································································· 5 四、常压炉F-101,减压炉F-102,F-103················································································· 6 第三节 主要调节器、仪表 ······································································································· 6 第二章 装置冷态开工过程 ········································································································ 10 第一节 开车准备 ····················································································································· 10 第二节 冷态开车 ····················································································································· 10 第三章 装置正常停工过程 ········································································································· 23 第一节 降量 ····························································································································· 23 第二节 降量关侧线阶段 ········································································································· 23 第三节 装置打循环及炉子熄火 ····························································································· 24 第四章 紧急停车 ························································································································ 26 第五章 事故列表 ························································································································ 26 第一节 原油中断 ··················································································································· 26 第二节 供电中断 ··················································································································· 26 第三节 循环水中断 ··············································································································· 27 第四节 供汽中断 ··················································································································· 27 第五节 净化风中断 ··············································································································· 28 第六节 加热炉着火 ··············································································································· 28 第七节 常压塔底泵停 ··········································································································· 29 第八节 (常顶回流阀)阀卡10% ···························································································· 29 第九节 (减压塔出料阀)阀卡10% ························································································ 30 第十节 闪蒸塔底泵抽空 ······································································································· 30 第十一节 减压炉息火 ··········································································································· 30 第十二节 抽-1故障 ·············································································································· 31 第十三节 低压闪电 ··············································································································· 31 第十四节 高压闪电 ··············································································································· 32 第十五节 原油含水 ··············································································································· 32 第六章 评分细则 ························································································································· 33 第一节 评分规则 ····················································································································· 33 第二节 冷态开车质量评分 ····································································································· 34 第七章 下位机画面设计 ············································································································· 35

Tel: 86-10-64951832, 64971654 Fax 86-10-64971664 E-mail: support@besct.com II 北京东方仿真控制技术有限公司（2013-08-04） 网址：http://www.besct.com

北京市朝阳区小关东里10号院润宇大厦610室 (100029)

第一章 装置概况

本装置为石油常减压蒸馏装置，原油经原油泵抽送到换热器，换热至110℃左右，加入一定量的破乳剂和洗涤水，充分混合后进入一级电脱盐罐。同时，在高压电场的作用下，使油水分离。脱水后的原油从一级电脱盐罐顶部集合管流出，再注入破乳剂和洗涤水，充分混合后进入二级电脱盐罐，同样在高压电场作用下，进一步油水分离，达到原油电脱盐的目的。然后再经过换热器加热到200℃左右后，进入蒸发塔，在蒸发塔拨出一部分轻组分。

拨头油再用泵抽送到换热器继续加热到280℃以上，然后去常压炉升温到356℃进入常压塔。在常压塔拨出重柴油以前组分，高沸点重组分再用泵抽送到减压炉升温到386℃进减压塔，在减压塔拨出润滑油料，塔低重油经泵抽送到换热器冷却后出装置。

第一节 工艺流程简述

一、原油系统换热

罐区原油(65℃)由原油泵(P101/1,2)抽入装置后，首先与闪蒸塔顶汽油、

常压塔顶汽油(H-101/1-4)换热至80℃左右,然后分两路进行换热:一路原油与减一线(H-102/1,2)、减三线(H-103/1,2)、减一中(H-105/1,2)换热至140℃（TIC1101）左右；另一路原油与减二线(H-106/1,2)、常一线(H-107)、常二线(H-108/1,2)、常三线(H-109/1,2)换热至140℃（TI1101）左右，然后两路汇合后进入电脱盐罐(R-101/1,2)进行脱盐脱水。

Tel: 86-10-64951832, 64971654 Fax 86-10-64971664 E-mail: support@besct.com 1 北京东方仿真控制技术有限公司（2013-08-04） 网址：http://www.besct.com

北京市朝阳区小关东里10号院润宇大厦610室 (100029)

脱盐后原油(130℃左右)从电脱盐出来分两路进行换热，一路原油与减三线(H-103/3,4)、减渣油(H-104/3-7)、减三线(H-103/5,6)换热至235℃（TI1134）左右;二路原油与常一中(H-111/1-3)、常二线(H-108/3)、常三线(H-109/3)、减二线(H-106/5,6)、常二中(H-112/2,3)、常三线(H-109/4)换热至235℃（TIC1103）左右;两路汇合后进入闪蒸塔(T-101)。也可直接进入常压炉。 闪蒸塔顶油汽以180℃（TI1131）左右进入常压塔顶部塔或直接进入汽油换热器(H-101/1-4),空冷器(L-101/1-3)。

拔头原油经拔头原油泵(P102/1,2)抽出与减四线(H-113/1)换热后分两路:一路与减二中(H-110/2-4),减四线(H-113/2)换热至281℃（TIC1102）左右;二路与减渣油(H-104/8-11)换热至281℃（TI1132）左右,两路汇合后与减渣油(H-104/12-14)换热至306.8℃（TI1106）左右再分两路进入常压炉对流室加热,然后再进入常压炉辐射室加热至要求温度入常压塔(T-102)进料段进行分馏。

二、常压塔

常压塔顶油先与原油(H-101/1-4)换热后进入空冷(L-101/1,2),再入后冷器(L-101/3)冷却,然后进入汽油回流罐(R-102)进行脱水,切出的水放入下水道。汽油经过汽油泵(P103/1,2)一部分打顶回流,一部分外放。不凝汽则由R-102引至常压瓦斯罐(R-103),冷凝下来的汽油由R-103底部返回R-102,瓦斯由R-103顶部引至常压炉作自产瓦斯燃烧,或放空。

常一线从常压塔第32层(或30层)塔板上引入常压汽提塔(T-103)上段,

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北京市朝阳区小关东里10号院润宇大厦610室 (100029)

汽提油汽返回常压塔第34层塔板上,油则由泵(P106/1, P106/B)自常一线汽提塔底部抽出,与原油换热(H-107)后经冷却器(L-102)冷却至70℃左右出装置。 常二线从常压塔第22层(或20层)塔板上引入常压汽提塔(T-103)中段,汽提油汽返回常压塔第24层塔板上,油则由泵(P107,P106/B)自常二线汽提塔底部抽出,与原油换热(H-108/1,2)后经冷却器(L-103)冷却至70℃左右出装置。

常三线从常压塔第11层(或9层)塔板上引入常压汽提塔(T-103)下段,汽提油汽返回常压塔第14层塔板上,油则由泵(P108/1,2)自常三线汽提塔底部抽出,与原油换热(H-109/1-4)后经冷却器(L-104)冷却至70℃左右出装置。 常压一中油自常压塔顶第25层板上由泵(P104/1, P104/B)抽出与原油换热(H-111/1-3)后返回常压塔第29层塔板上。

常压二中油自常压塔顶第15层板上由泵(P104/B,P105)抽出与原油换热(H-112/2,3)后返回常压塔第19层塔板上。

常压渣油经塔底泵(P109/1,2)自常压塔T-102底抽出，分两路去减压炉(炉-102,103)对流室,辐射室加热后合成一路以工艺要求温度进入减压塔(T-104)进料段进行减压分馏。

三、减压塔

减顶油汽二级经抽真空系统后,不凝汽自L-110/1,2放空或入减压炉(炉-102)作自产瓦斯燃烧。冷凝部分进入减顶油水分离器(R-104)切水,切出的水放入下水道,污油进入污油罐进一步脱水后由泵(P118/1,2)抽出装置,或由缓

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