数控机床的进给传动装置设计

3 3 3 3 学 院

毕 业 设 计（论 文）说 明 书

题

学

系

专 业

学

指 导 目 数控机床的进给传动装置设计

生 别 机 电 系 班 级 机械设计制造及其自动化

机 电 033 班

号 教 师

I

目 录

中文摘要...............................................................................................................................Ⅰ 英文摘要...............................................................................................................................Ⅱ 第一章 绪论········································································································································································· 1

1.1引言 ···································································································································· 1 1.2数控机床进给传动系统简要叙述 ·························································································· 2 1.2.1升降台传动系统 ············································································································ 2 1.2.2床鞍传动系统 ··············································································································· 3 1.2.3工作台传动系统 ············································································································ 3 1.3 FXK5045机床的用途及性能 ································································································ 3 1.4 数控机床对进给传动系统的要求 ························································································· 5 1.5 数控机床进给系统总体设计方案 ························································································· 7 1.6本章小结 ····························································································································· 8

第二章 伺服电动机······················································································································································ 9

2.1伺服系统 ····························································································································· 9 2.1.1对伺服系统的基本要求 ································································································· 9 2.1.2伺服系统的分类 ·········································································································· 10 2.2伺服电动机的分类 ············································································································· 11 2.2.1直流伺服电机 ············································································································· 11 2.2.2交流伺服电机 ············································································································· 11 2.2.3直线电机 ···················································································································· 12 2.2.4步进电机 ···················································································································· 12 2.3电动机的选择与计算 ········································································································· 14 2.3.1脉冲当量的选择 ·········································································································· 14 2.3.2电机的最高转速 ·········································································································· 15 2.3.3 等效负载转矩的计算 ·································································································· 15 2.3.4初选步进电动机型号 ··································································································· 16 2.3.5电动机选型验算 ·········································································································· 17 2.4本章小结 ··························································································································· 18

第三章 同步齿形皮带轮传动 ································································································································ 19

II

3.1同步齿形带的特点应用和优缺点 ························································································ 19 3.1.1同步齿形带的特点和应用 ···························································································· 19 3.1.2 同步齿形带传动的优缺点 ··························································································· 20 3.2同步齿形带的主要参数和规格 ··························································································· 20 3.3同步齿形带传动设计计算 ·································································································· 21 3.3.1失效形式和计算准则 ··································································································· 21 3.3.2同步齿形带传动注意事项 ···························································································· 21 3.3.3同步齿形带传动计算步骤 ···························································································· 22 3.4皮带轮几何尺寸的计算 ······································································································ 28 3.5齿轮传动间隙的调整方法 ·································································································· 29 3.6同步齿形皮带轮材料的选择 ······························································································· 30 3.7本章小结 ··························································································································· 31

第四章 滚珠丝杠的设计计算 ································································································································ 32

4.1滚珠丝杠传动 ···················································································································· 32 4.1.1滚珠丝杠的特点 ·········································································································· 32 4.1.2滚珠丝杠的一些主要参数 ···························································································· 33 4.1.3滚珠丝杠的预拉伸 ······································································································ 34 4.2 滚珠丝杠螺母副 ················································································································ 35 4.2.1滚珠丝杠螺母副的循环方式 ························································································ 35 4.2.2滚珠丝杠螺母副间隙的调整 ························································································ 36 4.2.3滚珠丝杠螺母副的维护 ······························································································· 37 4.2.4滚珠丝杠螺母副的常见故障 ························································································ 37 4.3滚珠丝杠的设计················································································································· 38 4.3.1滚珠丝杠的设计计算 ··································································································· 43 4.3.2滚珠丝杠的校核 ·········································································································· 45 4.4本章小结 ··························································································································· 47

第五章 联轴器和导轨 ················································································································································ 48

5.1联轴器······························································································································· 48 5.1.1联轴器的总体分类 ······································································································ 48 5.1.2安全联轴器的作用 ······································································································ 50 5.2机床导轨 ··························································································································· 51

III

5.2.1对导轨的总体要求 ······································································································ 51 5.2.2导轨副的种类以及组合形式 ························································································ 52 5.2.3导轨的技术要求 ·········································································································· 56 5.2.4导轨副的材料选择 ······································································································ 57 5.2.5导轨副的维护和故障诊断 ···························································································· 58 5.3本章小结 ··························································································································· 59

总 结 ··················································································································································································· 60 参考文献·············································································································································································· 62 致 谢 ··················································································································································································· 63

IV

3333学院毕业设计（论文）说明书

第一章 绪论

1.1引言

数控技术是用数字信息对机械运动和工作过程进行控制的技术，数控装备是以数控技术为代表的新技术对传统制造产业和新兴制造业的渗透形成的机电一体化产品，即所谓的数字化装备，其技术范围覆盖很多领域：(1).机械制造技术；(2).信息处理、加工、传输技术；(3).自动控制技术；(4).伺服驱动技术；(5).传感器技术；(6).软件技术等。

从目前世界上数控技术及其装备发展的趋势来看，其主要研究热点有以下几个方 面：

(1).高速、高精度加工技术及装备的新趋势

效率、质量是先进制造技术的主体。高速、高精加工技术可极大地提高效率，提高产品的质量和档次，缩短生产周期和提高市场竞争能力。为此日本先端技术研究会将其列为5大现代制造技术之一，国际生产工程学会（CIRP）将其确定为21世纪的中心研究方向之一。

(2).智能化、开放化、网络化成为当代数控系统发展的主要趋势

21世纪的数控装备将是具有一定智能化的系统，智能化的内容包括在数控系统中的各个方面：为追求加工效率和加工质量方面的智能化，如加工过程的自适应控制，工艺参数自动生成；为提高驱动性能及使用连接方便的智能化，如前馈控制、电机参数的自适应运算、自动识别负载自动选定模型、自整定等；简化编程、简化操作方面的智能化，如智能化的自动编程、智能化的人机界面等；还有智能诊断、智能监控方面的内容、方便系统的诊断及维修等。

(3).重视新技术标准、规范的建立 ①.数控系统设计开发规范

如前所述，开放式数控系统有更好的通用性、柔性、适应性、扩展性，美国、欧共体和日本等国纷纷实施战略发展计划，并进行开放式体系结构数控系统规范(OMAC、OSACA、OSEC)的研究和制定，世界3个最大的经济体在短期内进行了几乎相同的科学计划和规范的制定，预示了数控技术的一个新的变革时期的来临。我国在2000年也开始进行中国的ONC数控系统的规范框架的研究和制定。

②.数控标准

1

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