翻译功能论对导游词汉英翻译的策略导向(8)

　　There are two points in the translation in terms of socio-pragmatic equivalence. The first is translating of “清明前” into “during early spring”. “清明” is familiar to the Chinese, which will be recalled as the time of April in early spring when everything comes back to life with vigor. Actually, the source language wants to express the tealeaves is of fresh taste and rich nutrition.

　　During translation, if we put “清明” into “Qingming Day” or “the Tomb-sweeping Day”, the foreigners cannot understand because they don’t have such a culture so that they may fail to associate early spring with the best season for the tea.

　　So in the sample, the interpreter not only deals with “清明” appropriately, but also offers more information to show the importance of picking tealeaves during early spring, which is essential because the exposition may help foreigners to grasp more pragmatic meaning so as to better fulfill the function of guide –interpreting –transmit information.

　　The second feature is the smart rendering of “高山云雾”. The interpreter does not put it into “on the mountain peak amidst the cloud and mist” because people have different cultural background would have different comprehension on this. As for Chinese or people familiar with tea culture, leaves on the mountain peak amidst the cloud and mist are great in quality and do good to health. But for foreigners, they could not understand why we would emphasize the tea was picked from that place. So word for word translation can not help target listeners comprehension the essence the source speaker would like to express.

　　Functionalism gives weight to the information acceptability in target culture. And a interpreter is supposed to convey the information that is at least likely to be meaningful to target-culture receivers.

　　Besides, in guide-interpreting it is the guide-interpreter’s responsibility both to convey the acceptable information to foreign tourists and to propagate China’s history and culture so as to make the tourism destination attractive to foreign tourists for there is an saying in the field of tourism that the beauty of sights depends on the speech of guides.

　　5.3 Substitution

　　The change of images in Chinese-English interpretation is almost inevitable because of the diversity between the two cultures. Although both the Chinese and the Westerners share some cultural phenomena and literal translation is feasible in some cases, some images in Chinese that cause no visual problems for Chinese still become visually ridiculous or lose the communicative meaning implied when they are literally rendered to western tourists. Cultural substitution is a feasible way to overcome the intercultural communicative barrier of imagery confrontations.

　　Example 4:

　　绿林好汉

　　Version 1: The Greenwood Hero

　　Version 2: Chinese Robin Hood

　　In this example, “绿林”vividly describes the environmental features of the Greenwood Heroes ’ residence. However, the western tourists who know a little about Chinese characters may have difficulties to understand the literal translation of these images. Thus a literal rendering in English version 1 will be neither informative nor attractive, failing to achieve the Skopos of guide-interpreting. While in Target Version 2, the use of such words of “Robin Hood”, which are familiar images in western culture, can both arouse the tourists interest and exclude their confusion in Chinese characters.

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