国际贸易实务第三版课后答案

国际贸易实务第三版课后答案 xcf整理

Unit 5

Quality of Commodity

Key:

I. Give the Chinese equivalents for the following English terms:

1 本身所具有的特性 2 光泽、造型、结构 3 耐用性 4 可销售性 5 社会属 6 消毒 7 适用性 8 卫生 9 规格 10 水产品

11 跨国公司 12 保证生活质量

II. Two columns are given for you to decide which method is best suited for a certain commodity. Please match them.

1 A , 2 C, 3 D, 4 E, 5 B, 6 G, 7 F, 8 H

III. 多项选择题 1.AE 2.ABE 3.ABC 4.CDE 5.AC 6.ABD 7.BCE 8.ACDE 9.BD 10.AC 11.BC 12.AC 13.BCDE 14.CD 15.AB 16.CDE 17.ABCDE

IV. Monomial Choice

1.A 2. D 3.A 4.D 5.A 6.A 7. B 8.B 9 .D 10. A

V. 案例分析 1. [Answer]:

我方应负责赔偿。作为出口公司理应知道所售货物的英文名称。如来证货名与实际不符，我方一是应要求对方改证，二是应自己更改货物的英文名称。如只考虑单证相符而置货物上的名称不顾，势必给对方在办理进口报关时造成严重后果。 2. [Answer]:

1）这个问题要视合同如何约定，如果合同约定了检验期间，则由于甲方没有在约定的检验期间内验货导致其丧失了质量异议权。如果合同没有约定检验期间，则在甲方收货后两年内都有权要求退货，依据是合同法第157、158条。所以，乙方已履行部分可以要求退货。

2）未履行部分可以解除。因乙方行为已导致合同目的无法实现，甲方经催告后可解除合同，理由是合同法第94条。

3）定金应双倍返还给甲方。

4）定金和违约金只能择其一，给甲方造成损失的，乙方仍应当赔偿，包括差旅费500元，已收取的货款应当退还给甲方。 3 [Answer]:

The exporter didn?t fulfill his obligation. Though the exporter made shipment on time, in order to deliver the apples in good quality, he arranged the goods with higher quality, but the quality is not similar to the level on the contract. So the seller breaches the contract. If the buyer lodges a claim, the seller will suffer the loss.

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In order to avoid the problem, the seller should ask for the buyer?s opinion firstly. 4. [Answer]:

买方的索赔要求是合理的，此案中，虽然合同对商品的品质提出了要求，但卖方在成交前寄送样品的行为本身即表明该批货物既凭说明买卖（sale by description）, 又凭样品买卖（sale by sample）。因此，买方在对商品进行检验后发现与样品不符提出索赔的要求是合情合理的。 卖方的失误在于使用两种方式约束商品品质对其不利。

5. [Answer]:

我方这样做是不合适的。因为如双方事先无品质机动幅度的规定，卖方在交货时，对于货物的质量(包括规格、花色搭配、型号等)应严格遵守合同的规定。否则，由此而产生的一切后果将由卖方承担。就本案而言，我方在发现pyw—B型电冰箱数量短缺，应先征得买方的同意才能发货，而不能擅自以其他型号的电冰箱来代替。因此，我方的做法是不合适的。 6. [Answer]:

按合同规定的品质条件提交货物是卖方的基本义务之一，本案买卖双方凭样品买卖，卖方的交货应与样品完全一致，卖方应承担交货品质不符的责任。但《公约》第86条第一款规定：“如果买方已收到货物，但打算行使合同或本公约的任何权利，把货物退回，他必须按情况采取合理措施，以保全货物，他有权保有这些货物，直至卖方把他所付的合理费用偿还给他为止。”即买方在决定退货后，应采取合理措施妥善保管货物。而本案中的买方却未这样做，导致货物变质。我方可就货物的损失及进口国海关向我方收取的费用与买方进行交涉，尽可能挽回损失。

Unit 6 Quantity of Goods Key:

I.Here given in the following are short forms for some units of measure and weight. Please give the

complete form of each:

1)吨 2)盎斯 3)磅 4)品脱 5)码 6)加仑 7)令 8)公斤 9)克 10)平方米

II. Please read the statements carefully, and then give your choice True or False. 1. T

2. F where the goods are to be unloaded must be decided and confirmed by the buyer at least 48 hours before the ship arrives at the first optional port. 3. T 4. T 5. T

6. F a letter of indemnity is issued by the shipper to the shipping company in exchange for a clean-on-board shipped bill of lading.

7. F according to article 23 of the UCP NO.500,” IF A Credit calls for a bill of lading covering a port to port shipment, banks will, unless otherwise stipulated in Credit, accept a document, however named, which ??contains no indication that it is subject to a charter party ??” 8. T

9. F dispatch money is an amount paid by the ship-owner to the shipper for the shipper?s quicker loading and unloading of the goods. 10. T

III. Please give the following definitions for the names in English:

1. Gross weight is the sum of total weight of the commodity itself and the tare (the package weight). That?s to say it refers to the net weight plus the tare weight of the goods.

2.Net weight is the actual weight of commodity without the addition of the tare. In international trade if the goods are sold by weight, the net weight is often used.

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3. Actual tare: The actual weight of packages of the whole commodities.

4. Average tare: In this way, the weight of packages is calculated on the basis of the average tare of a part of the packages.

5. Customary tare: The weight of standardized package has a generally recognizer weight which can be used to represent the weight of such packages.

6. Computed tare: The weight of package is calculated according to the tare previously agreed upon by the seller and the buyer instead of actual weighing.

IV. 简答题 1. 答：数量条款规定了买卖双方交货数量及与之有关的权利和义务，他涉及成交数量的确定、计量单位和计量方法的规定及数量机动幅度等内容。为订好数量条款，应依据政策的规定和经营意图，根据需要和可能，按外商资信情况和市场行情变化，正确掌握进出口商品的成交数量，以利于合同的履行。

2. 答：（1）大宗农、副产品、矿产品及一部分工业制成品惯于采用按重量计算，一些贵重商品也惯于采用重量单位。 （2）按数量计算适用于大多数工业制成品，尤其是日用消费品、轻工业品、机械产品及一部分土特产品。 （3）按长度计算多用于金属绳索、布匹，绸缎等商品买卖。 （4）面积单位可用于玻璃板、地毯、皮革等商品。 （5）体积单位仅用于木材、天然气及化学气体的买卖。 （6）容积单位中的蒲式耳是美国用来计量各种谷物的，公升和加仑多用于液体商品。 （7）有些国家对某些商品有自己习惯的或法定的计量单位。例如棉花许多国家以\包\为单位，糖以\袋\为单位。

3. 答：（1）毛重。是商品本身加包装重量。 （2）净重。是商品本身实际重量，不包括皮重。计算皮重时有按实际皮重、平均皮重、习惯皮重、约定皮重计算等四种做法。 （3）公量。有些商品因较强的吸湿性导致重量不稳定，对此类商品可用科学的方法除去其所含实际水分，然后再加上国际公认的标准含水量。即公量＝干量＋标准含水量。 （4）理论重量。对按固定规格形状和尺寸所生产和买卖的商品可从其件数推算总重量，此总重量即为理论重量。一般只作为计算实际重量的参考。 （5）法定重量和实物净重。法定重量是商品重量加上直接接触商品的包装物料的重量，而除去这部分重量所表示出来的纯商品重量即为实物净重。此方法大多用于海关征税。

4. 答：数量机动幅度是指卖方可按买卖双方约定的某一具体数量多交或少交若干的幅度。他的规定方法有： （1）合同中明确具体的规定数量的机动幅度。它既可只简单规定机动幅度，也可在此基础上约定由谁选择及作价原则。 （2）合同中为明确规定数量机动幅度，但将数量定为约数。《跟单信用证统一惯例》规定约数的增减幅度不超过10％。

（3）合同中未明确规定数量机动幅度。此时卖方交货数量原则上应与合同完全一致，但《跟单信用证统一惯例》500号出版物规定货物数量允许有5％的伸缩。 5. 答：（1）目前对在机动幅度范围内超出或低于合同数量的多装或少装部分，一般按合同价格计价结算。 （2）为防止有权选择溢短装的当事人利用行市变化有意多装或少装而获取额外好处，有的合同规定多装或少装部分不按合同价格计算，而代之以按装船日的行市或目的地的市场价格计算。 （3）若双方未能就装船日或到货日或是市场价格取得协议，则可交由仲裁机构解决。

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（4）有的合同还规定多交或少交货物中一部分按合同价格计算，其余部分按装船时或到货时的市价计算。

IV. Case study

1[Answer]:

According to Article 11 of CISG: “A contract of sale need not be concluded in, or evidenced by, writing and is not subject to any other requirement as to form. It may be proved by any means, including witnesses.” Though China and the US are both member countries of the CISG, China declared that it won?t be bound by Article 11 and its related articles. That is to say, any kind of contracts in China must be evidencing by writing. In this case, though both companies agreed orally as to the main terms of the sales contract, there is no writing evidencing the contract. This contract, according to Chinese law, is not effective. 2[Answer]:

According to Item 2 of Article 21 of CISG: “If a letter or other writing containing a late acceptance shows that it has been sent in such circumstances that if its transmission had been normal it would have reached the offeror in due time, the late acceptance is effective as an acceptance unless, without delay, the offeror orally informs the offeree that he considers his offer as having lapsed or dispatches a notice to that effect. In this case, in order to avoid unnecessary loss, the Chinese company should telephone or dispatch immediately a notice informing that the acceptance is ineffective as it is late. 3. [Answer]:

In international trade, the more or less clause has ample meaning , it means not only the total quantity should be subject to the stipulation, but also the quantity in each type. In this case, though the total quantity has not surpassed the 5%, but the quantity in each type is far away from the stipulation in the contract. So we consider that the seller has breached the quantity clause. and the importer refuse the goods owing to quantity problems is reasonable.

4. [Answer]:

对方的要求是合理的。卖方交货的数量应严格按照信用证的规定执行，且应按商品的净重交货。本案我方用双线新麻袋包装货物，每袋50公斤，但货物扣除皮重后不足500吨，说明我方短量交货，买方有权要求我方退回因短量而多收的货款，因此，对方的要求是合理的。 5. [Answer]: 卖方避免对交易货物的品质承担双重担保义务（既凭规格又凭样品）；虽卖方电文中告诉对方货物与样品相似，而不是完全相符，但买方有权保留所赔的权利；买出具品质比样品低7%的证明，虽不符合实情，卖方拿不出留存样品，故要赔偿600英镑。

Unit 7 Packing and Marking of Goods Key

I. For the false statements, please state True or False

1.(T) 2.(F) 3.(F) 4.(F) 5.(F) 6.(F) 7.(F) 8.(F) 9.(F)

II. Put the following into English:

1. consuming taste 2. gift packing 3. prettify commodities 4. portable packing 5. social customs 6. transparent packing 7. creative design 8. suspensible packing

III. Suppose you are an exporter and your business place is in China, please make the judgment if the following statements are correct or not and give your reasons.

1.(F) 2. (F) 3. (T) 4. (F) 5. (T) 6. (T) 7. (F) 8. (F) 9. (F) 10. (T)

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IV. IV. Please give the definition to the followings in English:

1 Transport Packing: Transport packing is also called outer packing or big packing. It is used to prevent the packed goods from any damage, easy to store, pilferage-proof, convenient to load and unload and discharge.

2 Container: The container is a kind of tool used for transportation which can be thought of as a particular shipping packing of the cargo, usually provided by the ship company to go around.

3 Sales packing: Sales packing (also called inner packing, small packing or immediate packing ) is not only adopted as a form of protection to reduce the risks of goods being damaged in transit and prevent pilferage, but mainly with the purpose of promoting sales. It is now universally recognized as a decisive aid in selling household consuming goods.

4 Neutral packing: The Neutral packing means that there is neither a name of the origin, nor a name and address of the factory/manufacturer, nor a trade mark, a brand, or even any words on the (outer or inner) packing of the commodity and the commodity itself. The purpose of using neutral packing by exporters is to break down the tariff and non-tariff barriers of some countries or regions, or meet the special demand of the transaction (such as entrepot). It may also help the manufacturers in exporting countries to increase the competitiveness of their products, expand the exports and market profitably in the importing countries.

5 Packing mark: Packing mark or recognition mark refers to different diagrams, words and figures which are written, printed, or brushed on the outside of the shipping packing in order that it is easy and convenient for goods? loading, unloading, store, inspection and discharge.

6 Shipping mark: Shipping marks are marks of simple designs, some letters, numbers and simple words on packages, often stenciled, that serve as identification of the consignment to which they belong. It is one of the most important elements which are agreed on by the exporter and the importer in a sales contract.

V. 简答题

1. 答：包装重要性体现在以下几个方面： （1）是实现商品价值和使用价值的重要手段，是商品生产和消费之间的桥梁。 （2）出口商品需经过长距离辗转运输，有时需多次装卸、搬运和存储，包装可保证商品质量和数量完整，方便货物装卸、搬运、储存。 （3）商品生产过程，包装是最后一道工序；在流通领域中，包装具有保护商品、美化商品、宣传商品、提高售价的重要作用，并可作为对外竞争的重要手段。 约定包装条件的意义在于： （1）不仅起到保护和美化商品作用，且包装本身还是货物说明的组成部分。 （2）按一些国家法律解释，如一方违反了所约定的包装条件，另一方有权提出索赔，甚至拒收货物。

2. 答：（1）必须适应商品特性。 （2）必须适应各种不同运输方式的要求。 （3）必须考虑有关国家的法律规定和客户要求。 （4）要保证包装牢固的前提下节省费用，便于各环节有关人员进行操作以免使货物遭受损失。

3. 答：（1）按包装方式，可分为单件运输包装和集合运输包装，后者又分为集装包和集装袋。 （2）按包装造型，可分为箱、袋、桶和捆等方式。 （3）按包装材料，可分为纸制，金属、木制、麻制品、玻璃制品、陶瓷制品及竹、柳、草

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