States is an oil-importing country, this was widely regarded as good for the U.S. economy. Yet, in Texas and Louisiana 1986 was a year of economic decline. Why？
四、Justify true or false: （10 points）
1. Movement of goods and services is not the only form of international integration. （ ）
2. The distinctive feature of direct foreign investment is that it involves only a
transfer of resources. （ ）
3. Foreign tariffs are always bad for a country and foreign export subsidies always
beneficial. （ ）
4. The terms of trade correspond to internal prices. （ ）
5. In a perfectly competitive market, firms are price setters. （ ）
五、Calculate the following question: （20 points）
6、The nation of American is “small,”unable to affect world prices. It imports peanuts at the price of ＄10 per bag. The demand curve is D=400-10P.
The supply curve is S=50+5P.
Determine the free trade equilibrium. Then calculate the following effects of an import quota that limits imports to 50 bags.
e、 The increase in the domestic price. f、 The quota rents.
g、The consumption distortion loss. h、The production distortion loss.
六、Translate the following passage into Chinese: （15 points）
1、International trade plays a crucial role: It makes it possible for each country to produce a restricted range of goods and to take advantage of economies of scale without sacrificing variety in consumption.
2、Production possibilities determine a country’s RS.
3、The number of firms in a monopolistically competitive industry and the prices they charge are affected by the size of the market.
4、There is no good economic justification for regarding dumping as particularly harmful, but U.S. trade law prohibits foreign firms from dumping in our market and automatically imposes tariffs when such dumping is discovered.
5、If Home imposes a tariff, it improves its terms of trade at Foreign’s expense. Thus tariffs hurt the rest of the world.
答案
一、Explain the following nouns: （15 points）
1. In general, the practice of charging different customers different prices is called
price discrimination.
2. Home import demand means that Home consumers demand is more than Home
producers supply.
3. If a country’s opportunity cost of producing one good in terms of other goods is
lower than that in other countries, this country has a comparative advantage in the production of this good.
4. Import-biased growth is the growth that biased toward the good a country
imports.
5. Specific tariffs are taxes levied as a fixed charge for each unit of imported goods.
二、Fill in the following blanks with appropriate word or phrase: （10 points）
1. 2. 3. 4.
RS;
RDW; RSW; Inter-industry; industry;
三、Answering the following questions chiefly: （30 points）
1、Export-biased growth in the rest of the world is good for the given country, improving its terms of trade, while import-biased growth in the rest of the world worsens its terms of trade.
2、The relationship between MR and price depends on two things： Firstly, it depends on how much output the firm is already selling. Secondly, it depends on the slope of the demand curve.
3、Dumping can occur only if two conditions are met. First, the industry must be imperfectly competitive, so that firms set prices rather than taking market prices as given. Second, markets must be segmented, so that domestic consumers can not easily purchase goods intended for export.
4、Trade based on external economies is ambiguous in its effects on national welfare. On one hand, it may make a country better off; on the other hand, it may also make a country worse off.
5、First, as Home labor become more expensive relative to Foreign labor, goods produced in Home also become relatively more expensive, and world demand for these goods falls.
Second, as Home wages rise, fewer goods will be produced in Home and more in Foreign, further reducing the demand for Home labor.
6、Texas and Louisiana are states with large oil-producing sectors. The real wage of oil-producing factors of production in terms of other goods falls when the price of oil falls relative to the price of other goods. This was the source of economic decline in these states in 1986.
四、Justify true or false: （10 points）
? ? ? ? ?
五、Calculate the following question: （20 points）
1、 At a price of ＄10 per bag of peanuts, American imports 200 bags of peanuts. A
quota limiting the import of peanuts to 50 bags has the following effects: e、 The price of peanuts rises to ＄20 per bag.
f、 The quota rents are （＄20-＄10）×50=＄500.
g、The consumption distortion loss is 5×100 bags×＄10 per bag=＄500. h、The production distortion loss is 5×50 bags×＄10 per bag=＄250.
六、Translate the following passage into Chinese: （15 points）
6、国际贸易的关键作用是使各国生产特定范围产品，并利用规模经济优势，且不牺牲消费种类组合而且还会增加。 2、生产可能决定一国的相对供给状况。
3、市场规模影响垄断竞争行业的企业数量与价格。
4、没有好的经济评判方法来认定倾销特别有害。但美国贸易法限制外商倾销，并自动启动关税。
5、如果本国征收关税，以外国为代价改善贸易条件，那么关税就损害了其他国家的利益。
《国际贸易理论与政策》试题及答案
第五套
一、Explain the following nouns:（15 points）
Production possibility frontier Inter-industry trade Export-biased growth Producer surplus Ad valorem tariffs
二、Fill in the following blanks with appropriate word or phrase: （10 points）
9. A tariff drives a wedge between the prices in the two markets, raises the price of a
good in the __________ country and lowers it in the __________ country.
10. __________ is the difference between the price a consumer actually pays and the
price he would have been willing to pay.
11. Export-oriented industrialization means that countries attempt to promote
economic growth and realize industrialization not via __________ substitution but via __________ manufactured goods. It is an outward-looking strategy. 12. The direction of the terms of trade effects depends on the nature of
the_________.
三、Answer the following questions chiefly: （30 points）
19. Does the fact that the country is a part of a trading world economy increase or
decrease the benefits of growth?
20. What is the significance of intra-industry trade？
21. Why can’t we observe complete factor price equalization in reality？
22. What benefits and costs does the tariff bring for the importing country？ 23. Why do countries engage in international trade？
24. Why may a cluster of firms be more efficient than an individual firm in
isolation？
四、Justify true or false: （10 points）
1. Internal economies of scale leads to a perfectly competitive market structure with
many small firms. （ ）
2. The pattern of intra-industry trade itself is predictable. （ ）
3. In reality, we can observe complete factor price equalization. （ ）
4. Other things equal, a rise in a country’s terms of trade increases its welfare. （ ） 5. Growth that is export-biased improves the terms of trade. （ ）
五、Discuss the following problems: （20 points）
1、In the United States where land is cheap, the ratio of land to labor used in cattle raising is higher than that of land used in wheat growing. But in more crowded countries, where land is expensive and labor is cheap, it is common to raise cows by using less land and more labor than Americans use to grow wheat. Can we still say that raising cattle is land intensive compared with farming wheat？Why or why not？
2、“The world’s poorest countries cannot find anything to export. There is no resource that is abundant-certainly not capital nor land, and in small poor nations not even labor is abundant.” Discuss.
六、Translate the following passage into Chinese: （15 points）
1、The fixed cost in a linear cost function gives rise to economies of scale, because the larger the firm’s output, the less is the fixed cost per unit.
2、The number of firms in a monopolistically competitive industry and the prices they charge are affected by the size of the market.
3、There is often no clear comparative advantage within an industry, and much of international trade therefore takes the form of two-way exchanges within industries—probably driven in large part by economies of scale—rather than interindustry specialization driven by comparative advantage.
4、There is no good economic justification for regarding dumping as particularly harmful, but U.S. trade law prohibits foreign firms from dumping in our market and automatically imposes tariffs when such dumping is discovered. 5、Trade based on external economies has more ambiguous effects on national welfare than either trade based on comparative advantage or trade based on economies of scale at the level of the firm.
答案
一、Explain the following nouns: （15 points）
1. Production possibility frontier reflects the possibility of all maximum
combinations of two goods that a country can produce by exploiting its limited
2. 3. 4. 5.
resources.
The exchange of trading manufactures for food is called inter-industry trade. Export-biased growth is the growth that disproportionately expands a country’s production possibilities in the direction of the good it exports.
Producer surplus is the difference between the price a producer actually charges and the price he would have been willing to charge.
Ad valorem tariffs are taxes levied as a fraction of the value of the imported goods.
二、Fill in the following blanks with appropriate word or phrase: （10 points）
5. 6. 7. 8.
importing; exporting; Consumer surplus; import; exporting; growth;
三、Answering the following questions chiefly: （30 points）
1、Export-biased growth in the given country worsens its terms of trade, reducing the direct benefits of growth, while import-biased growth improve its terms of trade.
2、In general, industries with high levels of intra-industry trade tend to be manufactured goods. On the other hand, the industries with very little intra-industry trade are mostly labor-intensive products.
3、The reasons:
(1) Differences in resources to remain unspecialized; (2) Natural and artificial barriers to trade; (3) International differences in technology.
4、(1) Domestic producers gain from the tariff. (2) Domestic consumers suffer loss from the tariff.
(3) The government gains from the tariff by collecting tariff revenue.
5、First, countries trade because they are different from each other.
Second, countries trade to achieve economies of scale in production. 6、Three main reasons: the ability of a cluster to support specialized suppliers; the way that a geographically concentrated industry allows labor market pooling; and the way that a geographically concentrated industry helps foster knowledge spillovers.
四、Justify true or false: （10 points）
? ? ? ? ?
五、Discuss the following question: （20 points）
1、The definition of cattle growing as land intensive depends on the ratio of land to
labor used in production, not on the ratio of land or labor to output. The ratio of land to labor in cattle exceeds the ratio in wheat in the United States, implying cattle is land intensive in the United States. Cattle is land intensive in other countries too if the ratio of land to labor in cattle production exceeds the ratio in wheat production in that country. Comparisons between another country and the United States is less relevant for this purpose.
百度搜索“77cn”或“免费范文网”即可找到本站免费阅读全部范文。收藏本站方便下次阅读，免费范文网，提供经典小说综合文库国际贸易学理论与政策 试题(4)在线全文阅读。
相关推荐：