汉英翻译技巧教案(8)

《翻译》（2）课程大纲及教案

【例4】在学习中我们应该互相促进。

[译文]In our studies，we should help each other forward． [分析]汉语可以在一篇文章中多次重复使用同一个词语，译英语时就要注重用词的多样化。例如“促进”一词，可根据语境译成多种表达形式： ① 我们应该促进相互了解，促进团结。

We should promote unity by furthering mutual understanding． ② 大学的目标应是促进学术的发展。

The aim of a university should be the advancement of learning． ③ 这项政策将促进经济的发展。

This policy will help fuel economic growth． ④ 努力工作是促进他事业成功的主要因素。

Hard work is the main accelerator in his successful career.

VII. Homework

1.你要母鸡多生蛋，又不给它米吃，又要马儿跑得快，又要马儿不吃草。世界上哪有这样的道理!

[译文]You want the hen to lay more eggs and yet you don’t feed it；you want the horse to run fast and yet you don’t let it graze．What kind of logic is that? [分析]“世界上”没译出，反而比译出更为有力。 2.我们目前的主要任务就是很好地推广和应用科研成

[初译]Our principal task at present is to do a good job in disseminating and applying the results of scientific and technological research． [分析]这又是一句“中国式英语”。“to do a good job”是多余。既然是“推广和应用”，就自然包含要把这件事做好的意思。

3.我们应该记住老一辈科学家们为成功研制“两弹”而努力奋斗的那些日日夜夜。

[初译]We should keep in mind the days when scientist of the older generation successfully developed the atomic and hydrogen bombs．

[分析]“successfully”在这里是赘词。因为既然已经研制出来，当然是成功的了。汉语中不少这样的表达译成英语时都可省掉“successfully”，如“成功召开了??”、“成功举办了??”、“成功建造了??”等等。 4.他儿子当时还是一个小不点儿。

[译文]His son was only knee-high to a grasshopper． 5.公共汽车为人们去长城参观提供了方便。

[译文]Buses provide easy access to the Great Wall．

[分析]“提供方便”也可译为“provide convenience for?”，不及“easy access to”生动。 6.闻一多拍案而起，横眉冷对国民党的手枪。

[译文]Defying the pistols pointed at him by some plain-clothes men of the KMT，Wen Yiduo rose to his full height and smote the table．

[分析]“拍案而起”如译为“stood up and clapped the table”，：不能表达出闻一多的大义凛然的气概。

7．我们就把这个方法建立在更加自觉的基础之上了。

[初译]We established this method on the basis of more consciousness． [分析]这种译文是典型的“中国式英语”，字对字地死译，实际是破坏了原文意思的表达。改译为： We thus employed this method much more consciously．(“基础”不再译出)

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《翻译》（2）课程大纲及教案

又如：“在他们自愿基础上，好心地帮他们学习。”译为：

Given their willingness，it is our duty sincerely to help them study．(此句中，“基础”也不必译出)

8．中国人民一定能胜利。

[初译]The Chinese people will surely win．

[分析]“will win”的份量已够，再加上surely反而削弱了力量，使人觉得说话人自己就有点吃不准。

9．他告诉他父亲，他第二天该起得早。

[初译]He told his father that he should get up earlier the next morning． [分析]读者弄不清谁该起得早，因为第二个he指谓不清。 改译为：

He told his father：“I shall get up earlier tomorrow．” He said to his father：“You’11 have to get up earlier tomorrow．’，

10．李先生就要和他的同事们告别了。他与他们一道工作很长时间，因此大家不愿让他离开这里。

[初译]Mr．Li was about to say good-bye to his colleagues. He had worked with them for a long time．So，all of them were not willing that he would leave here．

[分析]这又是一句典型的中国式英语。由于机械地按顺序翻译，不但句子零乱，而且没能把原文的精髓表达出来。改译为： Mr．Li had worked so long with his colleagues here．To their regret，he was about to say good-bye to them．

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《翻译》（2）课程大纲及教案

Lecture Seven: Translation of words (Continued). Week 7 ◇Time Needed：Two periods（40 minutes per period）

◇Teaching Objectives：

I. Train students to work out appropriate connotative meanings of culture words and reproduce culture flavor.

II. Acquaint students with the idea that we should have right attitudes towards cultural differences between English and Chinese in translating

◇Key Teaching Points：

I. Working out appropriate connotative meanings of culture words and reproduce culture flavor ◇Difficult Teaching Points:

I. Acquaint students with the idea that we should have right attitudes towards cultural differences

between English and Chinese in translating.

◇Teaching Contents:

I. Check last homework. II. Discussion:

少壮不努力，老大徒伤悲

有人译成 If you neglect study when you are young, what may happen to your old age? 这句问句会把老外问得云里雾里，因为他们沒有\学而优则仕\的思想，也不认为功课差，将来就会伤悲。他们劝告子女经常说的是 Studying / working hard can lead you to a brighter / more promising future. (努力用功会带给你光明的前程。 当然也可以对年轻人说：Study hard when you are young. It will pay off when you get older. (年轻时好好努力，到老的时就会觉得学有所值。)

学如逆水行舟，不进则退

如果直译成：Learning is like rowing upstream; not to advance is to drop back. 老外听后，也许会感到一头雾水。这样修改一下，表达可以清晰一些： Learning seems like rowing upstream（逆流）; if one does not advance, one will fall back. Learning is like rowing against the current（激流）, if one does not advance, one will retreat. 更直接的说法是： If you don\make progress, you will fall behind. III. 英汉文化差异

2.1词汇：牧童 cowboy蓝色 blue农民 peasant食言 to eat one’s words 2.2成语 打草惊蛇 to beat about the bush

亡羊补牢 to lock the stable door after the horse has been stolen 同舟共济 to be in the same boat

怒发冲冠 to make one’s hair stand on end 洗手不干 to wash one’s hands off 2.3. 语用

1. 惭愧 （不敢当；哪里）

2. 您太客气 （让你破费；不好意思） 3. 恭喜发财！ 4. 一路顺风

5. 别客气 （没什么）

1. I’m pleased that you think so.(you flattar me. Thank you for your compliment) 2. It’s so lovely. (thank you for the gift)

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《翻译》（2）课程大纲及教案

3. Good luck!

4. Plain sailing. (have a good journey)

5. Don’t mention it.(it’s a pleasure. Never mind) IV. 文化特色词语的英译

3.1 直译：概念意义和文化意义相同 露面 to show one’s face 丢脸 to lose face 老手 an old hand 笑柄 a laughing stock

碰壁 run one’s head against a wall

祸不单行 misfortunes never come singly 东边耳朵进，西边耳朵出

to go in at one ear and out at the other

为什么不你老人家明天就去走一遭，先试试风头儿去？（《红楼梦》）

Why not go there tomorrow and see how the wing blows? (Tr. Yang Xianyi & Gladys Yang) 3.2 意译（或借用英语的喻体）：概念意义（手段）对应，文化意义（目的）空缺 胸有成竹

He has long had fully-grown bamboo in his bosom. He has long had a well-thought-out plan in his mind.

接着他们用绳子五花大绑，把节振国捆得像个粽子似的、又是一阵拳打脚踢。节振国的嘴里鼻孔里鲜血直冒。（《赤胆忠心》）

They gave him a good cuff and kick, trussed him up like a fowl and then went on walloping and kicking him till his nose and mouth were a bloody pulp.

3.3 变通：概念意义相同，语用意义不同 （凤姐:）“这通身的气派竟不像老祖宗的外孙女儿，竟是嫡亲的孙女儿似的。”（《红楼梦》） “And everything about her so distingue! She doesn’t take after your side of the family, Grannie, she’s more like a Jia.”(Tr. David Hawkes)

“Her whole air is so distinguished! She doesn’t take after her father, son-in-law if our Old Ancestress, but more like a Jia.” (Tr. Yang Xianyi & Gladys Yang)

一见面是寒暄，寒暄之后说我“胖了”，说我“胖了”之后即大骂革新党。（《祝福》）

After exchanging a few polite remarks when we met, he observed that I looked “fat”, and having made that complimentary remark he launched a violent attack on the revolutionaries.

3.4 模仿（异化）： cowboy 牛仔 虚步 empty step 弓步 bow step

铁饭碗 the iron rice-bowl 半边天 half the sky 纸老虎 paper tiger

3.5 淡化（decoloration /deculturation） 一刀切的办法 do sth. Indiscriminately 毛主席问陈妻：“你们俩感情好不好？”陈妻答：“好。”主席听了感到非常高兴。

Then Chairman Mao talked with Chen’s wife. He was pleased to know that they had a happy home life.

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《翻译》（2）课程大纲及教案

V. 汉语成语语用意义的翻译 ·一桶水不响，半桶水叮当 有人照字面译成：The full pot of water makes no sound; the half-empty pot of water is noisy. 老外听后，也许会感到困惑。他们有自己的说法：A little knowledge (or learning) can be (or is) dangerous.（一知半解很危险） 或者说：Still water runs deep.（静水深不可测） 也可以说：He who knows the most says the least.（懂得越多的人，反而说得越少。） ·水落石出

有人照字直译为：As the water level sinks,the stones are exposed. 这样说，恐怕老外还是听不懂。他们的说法是：All secrets may eventually come to light. (所有祕密最后总会曝光。) 也可以说：Eventually, every secret will be disclosed. ·这山望到那山高 有人译成：The apples on the other side of the wall are the sweetest.（意思是：墙那边的苹果最甜） 当然，如要译成：If you stand on a mountain, you feel the distant mountain seems higher than yours. 老外也勉强能接受。 而他们的最习惯说法是：The grass always looks greener on the other side.（另一边的草，看来总是绿些。）

·烈火炼真金，患难见真情

有人译成：Fire is the test of gold；adversity is the test of friendship. 这句译文，虽然很好，老外也能了解，但是他们还有另外的说法：Liquor brings out a person\（烈酒能显示一个人真正的特色） 或者说：Wine reveals a person\虽然老外不用\烈火炼真金\的比喻，但有\路遥知马力\的说法：By a long road, we know a horse\；at times of difficulty, we discover a friend\ ·雷声大，雨点小

有人译为：The thunder roars loudly, but little rain falls. 或者说： All we hear is thunder, but no rain falls. 虽然这样直译比较容易理解，但是老外的说法是这样的：Actions speak louder than words. (行动胜于言谈) 或 All we hear is words, but there is no action. （只动嘴不动手） 或 Actions and words should go hand in hand. (言行必须一致) 另外，还有英语里还有这样的说法： An empty barrel makes biggest sound.（空洞的话说得太多了。） ·人不可貌相，海水不可斗量

有人译为：A man can not be known by his look, nor can the ocean be measured by a dipper. 这样的译法只是直译，如果能够稍加修改，老外就能了解：A man can not be judged by his appearance, nor can the water in the sea be measured by a bucket. 不过，老外通常的说法是这样的：We can not judge a person by appearance only. 或 You can not judge a book by its cover. (意思是：一本书的好坏取决于它的内容，而不是它的封面装帧的漂亮与否。) ·口蜜腹剑，笑里藏刀

有人译为 His mouth is honey; his heart is a sword. 外国人听了会对这样的比喻摸不着头脑，如果要形容某人\口蜜腹剑，笑里藏刀\，我们可以说 with honey on one\heart, 或者 honey-mouthed but dagger-hearted. 也可以更直接的译成He is an evil man who has a mouth that praises and a hand that kills. ·一日为师，终身为父 有这样的译法： He who teaches me for one day is my father for life. If you are my teacher for even one day, you will be my teacher (mentor) all my life. He who teaches me may be considered my father-figure for life. 这几种译法意思都是\老师即使对我只有一天的教诲，也会让我一

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