药学专业英语-AD-讲稿

老年性痴呆 Alzheimer’s Disease

Introduction 简介

AD, first characterized by Alois Alzheimer in 1907, is a gradually progressive dementia affecting both

Alzheimer ['?lz'?m?]

n. 老年痴呆症（等于Alzheimer’s

cognition

and

behavior. 渐进性痴呆有认知和行为障碍。

The exact pathophysiologic mechanism

underlying AD are not entirely known. 病理生理机制不清。

Although drugs may reduce Alzheimer’s symptoms for a time, the disease is eventually fatal.药物只能暂时改变症状，疾病将最终威胁生命。

The disease profoundly affects the family as well as the patient. 疾病不仅影响病人并将影响整个家庭生活质

量。

disease ）

progressive [pr?'gres?v] n. 改革论者；进步分子 adj. 进步的；先进的 dementia [d?'men??] n. [内科] 痴呆

cognition [k ? g'n??(?)n] n. 认识；知识；认识能力 behavior [bi'heivj?]

n. 行为，举止；态度；反应 pathophysiologic [,p?θ?,fizi?'l?d?ik] adj. 病理生理的 symptoms 基本翻译

n. [临床] 症状；症候；病徵 for a time 暂时；一段时期 fatal ['fe?t(?)l]

adj. 致命的；重大的；毁灭性的；命

中注定的 profoundly [pr?'fa?ndl?] adv. 深刻地；深深地；极度地

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Dementia 1 痴呆1 Dementia disorders

are defined

neuropsychiatric by

widespread

neuropsychiatric adj. 神经精神病学的

widespread ['wa?dspred; -'spred] adj. 普遍的，广泛的；分布广的 deficits

symptoms of memory loss and deficits in cognition and reasoning.痴呆是一种神经心理疾病，伴有广泛记忆缺失及认知和推理的障碍。

Dementia is a nonspecific term describing a significant decline in cognitive function regardless of cause.痴呆是一个非特异性名词，通常形容认知障碍，而不考虑病因。

Dementias, synonymous with the popular lay term “senility”, result from underlying disease, and are not part of normal aging.痴呆俗称为衰老，通常由于某种疾病引起，不是年龄增长而引起的。

n. [财政] 赤字，亏损（deficit的复数形式）

reasoning:推理，论证 nonspecific [,n?nspi'sifik] adj. [医] 非特异性的；非特殊的 regardless of 不顾，不管 synonymous with 与...同义

synonymous [s?'n?n?m?s]

adj. 同义的；同义词的；同义突变的 popular ['p?pj?l?]

adj. 流行的，通俗的；受欢迎的；大众的；普及的 lay [le?]

adj. 世俗的；外行的；没有经验的 n. 位置；短诗；花纹方向；叙事诗；性伙伴

vt. 躺下；产卵；搁放；放置；铺放；涂，敷

v. 躺；位于（lie的过去式） vi. 下蛋；打赌 senility [s?'n?l?t?]

n. [基医] 衰老；高龄；老态龙钟

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Dementia 2 痴呆2

Delirium differs from dementia in that it develops over a short period of time (hours to days), and involves an acute change in the level of consciousness in addition to a decline in cognition.谵妄状态区别于痴呆，由于发展迅速（几小时至几天），除有认知障碍外还有急剧的意识状态变化。

AD is the most common cause of dementia, accounting for over 60% of all

cases

of

late-life

cognitive

dysfunction.老年性痴呆是一种最常见的痴呆，60%的老年认知障碍均为老年性痴呆。

Epidemiology流行病学

Most cases present after age 65 (late-onset), but in about 5% of cases

onset can be age 40 (early-onset) 大多数65岁发病，但有5% 在40岁

左右发病。

An overall disease prevalence of 10.3%

of persons over age 65 in USA.在美国

10.3%超过65岁老人患有老年性痴呆。

delirium [d?'l?r??m]

n. 精神错乱；发狂，狂热；说谵语状态 differ from

与?不同；区别于? consciousness ['k?n??sn?s] n. 意识；知觉；觉悟；感觉

dysfunction [d?s'f??(k)?(?)n] n. 功能紊乱；机能障碍；官能不良 vi. 功能失调；出现机能障碍；垮掉

epidemiology [,ep?di:m?'?l?d??] n. 流行病学；传染病学 late-onset ['leit?nset] adj. 晚发性的；迟发性的

onset [' ? nset]

n. 开始，着手；发作；攻击，进攻

early-onset

早发型

prevalence ['prev(?)l(?)ns; 'prev?l(?)ns;

'prev?l?ns]

n. 流行；普遍；广泛

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Although genetic inheritance is the primary mode of transmission, several environmental

factors

may

also

genetic [d??'net?k]

adj. 遗传的；基因的；起源的 inheritance [?n'her?t(?)ns] contribute.尽管基因遗传是主要传播方式，但一些环境因素也有影响。

In USA, AD is the 3rd most expensive illness, and most insurance plans do not cover AD.在美国，老年性痴呆是第三大昂贵的疾病，大多保险公司不将其包括在内。

Life expection is now 75 years. AD will become a major public health concern.生命期望值是75岁，老年性痴呆将受到广泛的公众健康关注。

n. 继承；遗传；遗产 primary ['pra?m(?)r?]

adj. 主要的；初级的；基本的 n. 原色；最主要者 several ['sev(?)r(?)l] adj. 几个的；各自的

environmental [?nva?r?n'ment(?)l; en-] adj. 环境的，周围的；有关环境的 contribute [k?n'tr?bju?t; 'k?ntr?bju?t] vt. 贡献，出力；投稿；捐献 vi. 贡献，出力；投稿；捐献

insurance [?n'???r(?)ns]

n. 保险；保险费；保险契约；赔偿金

major ['me?d??]

adj. 主要的；重要的；主修的；较多的

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Pathophysiology-structural changes 1 病理生理-结构改变 1

AD is defined by both neuropathologic and clinical criteria. AD destroys neurons in cortex and limibic structures of the brain, particularly the basal pathophysiology [,p?θ??f?z?'?l?d??] n. 病理生理学 neuropathologic 神经病理学的 criteria [kra?'t??r??]

n. 标准，条件（criterion的复数） forebrain, amygdala, hippocampus, and cerebral cortex. These areas are responsible for higher learning, memory, reasoning，behavior , and emotional control.老年性痴呆是经神经病理和临床标准双重定义的。老年性痴呆损害皮质和边缘叶的神经元，特别是基础前脑，杏仁核，海马和大脑皮质。这些区域主要负责更高层次的学习、技艺、推理、行为和情感控制。

destroy [d?'str??] vt. 破坏；消灭；毁坏 cortex ['k??teks]

n. [解剖] 皮质；树皮；果皮 particularly [p?'t?kj?l?l?]

adv. 特别地，独特地；详细地，具体地；明确地，细致地 basal ['be?s(?)l] adj. 基部的；基础的 amygdala [?'m?gd?l?]

n. [解剖] 杏仁核；扁桃腺；苦巴旦杏 hippocampus [,h?p?(?)'k?mp?s] n. [解剖][脊椎] 海马； cerebral ['ser?br(?)l; s?'ri:br(?)l] adj. 大脑的，脑的 emotional [?'m???(?)n(?)l]

adj. 情绪的；易激动的；感动人的

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