英语7-9年级精品讲义(6)

They had never lost to the girls before, but this time the girls beat them 4-3 in an exciting match.

After the game, Wu Nai, captain of the boys‘ team, was very unhappy. ―We all thought this (4)__________ an easy game,‖ he said. ―We never thought a team of girls could beat us. This is the most unlucky day of my life.‖

But Mr. Hu, the boys‘ PE teacher, said he thought the girls deserved (5)________. ―The boys were too confident,‖ he said. ―I told them before the match that they needed to play well. They all thought that girls‘ football was a joke. Now they know better. They played carelessly, and they deserved to lose.‖

The match had started well for the boys. After 30 minutes, they were winning 2-0. Their best striker, Lu Ming, scored in the thirtieth minute. Earlier, the midfield player, Ma Zhengquan, had scored the first goal in only the second minute of the match. His excellent shot went low to the left of the girls‘ goal. Their keeper, Jiang Mei, could not stop it.

However, after the first half hour, the boys seemed to become too confident and (7)_________. At first, the girls had felt a bit nervous, but then they became more and more confident. Just before half time, Li Xiaolin made the score 2-1, with a beautiful shot into the top right-hand corner of the boys‘ goal.

In the second half, the boys were the first to score. Another great shot from Lu Ming went over Jiang Mei‘s head and into the middle of the goal. However, after that the boys became relaxed and lazy, but the girls (8)______ on working hard. Hao Meiling scored in the 68th minute, (9)________ the score 3-2. Then Li Xiaolin scored twice in the last six minutes to make the final score 4-3. It was an amazing finish to an exciting match.

The girls‘ PE teacher, Miss Wang , (10)______________with their performance. ―They were great!‖ she said.

一、句子成分：句子是有不同的各部分组成的，这些部分就叫做句子成分。句子成分可以是单词、词组或句子（从句）。在句中起主要作用的是主语、谓语，称为主要成分；起次要作用的有宾语、宾语补足语、定语、状语和表语，称为次要成分。所有的句子都是在简单句的基础上展开的，所以我们首先讨论简单句的五种基本句型。

一、简单句的五种基本句型(Five kinds of simple sentences)

（一） 主语 + 不及物动词（主、谓结构） eg. 1）He is working. 2）He cooks.

（二） 主语+ 及物动词 + 宾语（主、谓、宾结构） eg. 1）We study English every day. 2）They are playing football

（三） 主语+ 连系动词 + 表语（主、系、表结构） eg. 1）Trees turn green.

2）He is happy. 常见的连系动词有：be ; become ; get（“天气”变得）; turn（“颜色”变得）; feel（觉得/摸起来）; look(看起来)；smell(闻起来); sound(听起来)；taste(尝起来)；seem(似乎). 特别注意：

a) 连系动词后常接形容词常作表语；

b) be / become后常接名词或相当于名词的短语（不定式/动名词）做表语。

c) seem + 形容词 = seem to be + 形容词 eg.1)He is a teacher (名词做表语)

2)His job is to feed animals (不定式做表语) 3)His hobby is reading. (动名词做表语) 4)He seems happy = He seems to be happy

（四） 主语 + 及物动词 + 间宾（人）+ 直宾（物） =主语+ 及物动词 + 直宾（物）+ to / for + 间宾（人） 常用的此类动词有：give ; pass ; show ; lend ; buy. 但buy与for连用

eg.1)I gave him a book. = I gave a book to him.

2)My mother bought me a pen yesterday. = My mother bought a pen for me.

（五） 主语 + 及物动词 + 宾语 + 宾补

注意作宾补的词：1）名词（指宾语是谁/什么）；2）形容词；3）不定式；4）动词的ing 形式。 eg.1)We call him Jim.（名词做宾补）

2)We must keep the window open.（形容词做宾补） 3)The news makes me happy (同上) 4)I found it hard to get to sleep (同上)

5)I think it useful to learn English well (同上)

6)He told me to wash the plates.（不定式做宾补）

7)I saw a thief going into your room. （动名词做宾补） 特别注意：

1)动词不定式作宾补

A: ask / want / tell sb to do sth.

其否定式为：ask/want/tell sb not to do sth 2)省to不定式作宾补，即： (l, m, n; 3h; 2看; 1f) sb do sth

l—let, m—make, n—notice; 3h—hear, have , help; 2看—see, watch; 1f—feel.

eg.1)The boss made the workers work 12 hours every day. 2)I often hear him sing. 2)区别省to不定式作宾补与动词ing形式作宾补. hear / see sb do: 听见/看见某人做了某事 hear / see sb doing: 听见/看见某人在做某事

二、词类和句子成分的关系。 （一）词类相互间的关系。

1．形容词、数词通常修饰名词（有时名词也可以修饰另外一个名词），形容词还可修饰代词。例如： 1)The three tall and strong men are all basket- (定语) (主) (谓) (定语) ball players.（“主系表”结构） (表语)

数词three和形容词tall , strong修饰名词men; 名词basketball修饰名词players.

2)The writer often writes something interesting (主) (壮) (谓) (宾) (定) about children. （“主胃宾”结构） (定)

形容词interesting修饰不定代词something

2．副词常修饰动词、形容词和其他副词。例如：

(副词well修饰plays，副词quite修饰另一副词

well.)

(副词very修饰形容词interesting)

以上的名词、代词、数词、形容词、动词、副词称为实词，可以在句中单独做一定的成分。

3．冠词、介词、连词称为虚词，在句中不能单独构成句子成分。冠词只能用于名词前；介词与它后面的名词或代词构成介词短语，才能作一定的成分（定语、状语和表语）。例如：

（介词短语of Class Two作定语，修饰the League members. 介词短语in the school yard作地点状语,修饰are having） 连词只起连接词、词组和句子的作用。 He is so young that he can‘t go to school. （that连接两句子）

（二）词类和句子成分的关系：

1．主语：是句子要说明的人和物，是句子的主体，一般放在句首。名词、代词常在句中作主语。此外，动名词、动词不

定式、主语从句也可作主语。例如：

1)Mr. Chen is a greadt scientist. (名词作主语) 2)He reads newspapers every day. (代词作主)

3)Smoking is harmful to the health. (动名词作主语)

4)To swim in Kuming Lake is a great pleasure. (动词不定式作主语)

5)What we shall do next is not yet decided. (主语从句作主语) 2．谓语：说明主语的动作和状态。动词在句中作谓语，一般放在主语之后。例如：

1)The new term begins on September 1st .(行为动词作谓语) 2)She seems tired. (连系动词作谓语)

3)He has gone to Beijing. (行为动词作谓语)

3．宾语：及物动词涉及的人或物称为动词宾语。宾语一般放在及物动词（或相当于及物动词的短语）后。介词后的名词或代词称为介词宾语。名词、代词在句中常作宾语。此外，动词不定式、动名词和从句也可作宾语。例如：

1)Wang Ling lent me a novel. (代词me作间接宾语；名词a novel作直接宾语)

2)The medicine is good for a cough. ( 名词a cough作介词宾语) 3)My little sister always likes to ask questions. (不定式to ask questions作动词likes 的宾语)

4)His brother is good at playing chess. (动词名词playing chess作介词宾语)

5)Would you mind coming earlier tomorrow? (coming作动词宾语)

4．宾语补足语（复合宾语的第二部分）：在宾语后补充说明宾语的动作、状态、特征的成分称为宾补。名词、形容词、动词不定式和动名词可作宾补。（见前面简单句的五种基本句型五）

5．表语：在连系动词后用来说明主语的身份、状态或特征的成分是表语。可作表语的有：名词、代词、形容词、介词短语、不定式、动名词以及表语从句。（参见简单句的五种基本句型三）

1)Wang Lin‘s father is a doctor. (名词a doctor作表语，说明主语的身份是doctor)

2)He is from America. （介词短语from America作表语，说明主语的特征是“来自美国“）

3)The baby is asleep. (形容词asleep作表语，说明主语的状态是“睡着的”)

4)His work is teaching English. (动名词短语teaching English作表语，说明主语特征是“教英语”)

5)This is why he was late for school(表语从句why he was late for school作表语。)

6．定语：用来修饰名词或代词的成分是定语。单词作定语通常放在它所修饰的词前；但修饰复合不定代词（nothing, anything, everything, something , somebody , anybody, …..）时，则放在这些不定代词之后。短语和从句作定语时，也放在被修饰词之后。形容词、名词、代词、数词、副词、介词短语、动词不定式、现在分词、过去分词和定语从句等都可作定语。 1)He is reading an interesting book. (形容词interesting作定语,修饰名词book)

2)I have something important to tell you. (形容词important以及不定式to tell you作定语，修饰不定代词something)

3)There are few women workers in the factory. (形容词few 以及名词women作定语修饰名词workers)

4)The oil workers here come from Daqing. (名词oil以及副词here作定语修饰名词workers)

5)We have got ten desks in the room. (数词ten修饰名词desks) 6)Yesterday the scientist made a report on modern science. （介词短语on modern science作定语修饰名词report.）

7)The girl playing the piano is my younger sister. (现在分词短语playing the piano作定语修饰名词girl)

8)This is the new dictionary which I bought yesterday. (定语从句which I bought yesterday作定语修饰名词dictionary)

7．状语：修饰动词、形容词、副词或全句的成分是状语。修饰形容词的状语通常放在它所修饰的词之前，修饰动词的状语通常放在动词后。但有些副词（如：often , always , usually等作状语放在事义动词之前，be /助/情之后）。副词、介词短语、名词词组、动词不定式、分词短语和状语从句都可以作状语。

1)He knows how to learn English well. (副词well作状语，修饰动词learn)

2)My parents often tell us about their hard life in the past. (副词often作状语，修饰动词tell)

3)Her mother usually goes out to do some shopping on Sundays. (副词usually以及介词短语on Sundays作状语，修饰动词goes) 4)He will leave for Shanghai the day after tomorrow. (名词词组the day after tomorrow作状语，修饰动词will leave)

5)He came here to see you. (动词不定式to see you作目的状语， 6)He sat there reading a novel (现在分词短语reading a novel作状语修饰动词sat)

7)If I have some free time, I will study German. (条件状语从句If I have some free time作状语)

三、用分析法确定一个单词在句中的词性和成分。

在英语中，一个单词往往有多种意思，应根据一个词在句中的位置确定它的词性、词义、和在句中的成分。 1)Excuse me. I don‘t want to listen to you any more. I don‘t think it‘s a good excuse for being late for school 第一个excuse是动词“原谅”；第二个excuse有冠词a修饰，它是一个名词“借口”，在此作表语）

2)The scores are hard to believe. Team A has scored eight goals. 第一个score作主语，是一个名词“分数”；第二个score作谓语，是一个动词“进球”

3)The guide pointed to a red point on the map to show us where the tomb is.

第一个point作谓语，是一个动词“指着”；第二个point作动词pointed to 的宾语，在此是一个名词“（红）点”

4)When I felt some rain drops dropping on my face, I put on my raincoat.

第一个drop作动词felt的宾语，是一个名词“（雨）滴”；第二个drop是一个现在分词短语作宾语rain drops的宾语补足语，是一个动词“落下”

5)The sound from the church sounds very beautiful. 第一个sound作主语，是一个名词“声音”；第二个sound作谓语，是一个连系动词“听起来”。

6)She is a quiet girl. He does everything quietly.

第一处的quiet作定语修饰名词girl, 是一个形容词“安静的， 文静的”；第二处的quietly作状语修饰动词does, 是一个副词“安静地”

练 习

一、根据单词所在的位置和句子成分，判定下列划线部分单词的词性。

1. Please close the window before you leave your home. ______

2. Wang Lin is one of my close friends.______ 3. We must keep the window open _______ 4. I forgot to mend my watch. _______ 5. They are watching TV now. _______ 6. I would like a bottle of water. _______ 7. He often waters the flowers _______ 8. She will go to Nanjing on a fast train _____ 9. His brother swims very fast. _______ 10. Let me have a swim. _______ 二、下列划线部分的句子成分。 1.My father was a teacher

2. The milk tastes fresh

3.I am in a hurry to find a job

4.I found your shoes under the bed

5.She gave her a present.

6.The people all over the world are hoping for

peace.

7.The little girl can dress herself now.

8.The man asked me not to play in the street.

9.The book is very interesting

10.There is a truck collecting rubbish outside.

三、把下列句子译成英语。（注意句子成分）。 1．我们已成功地完成了那项工作。

______________________________________

2．我们的英语老师手里那着一本书走进了教室。_________________________________

______________________________________ 3．吉姆开中国有三年了。

______________________________________ 4．那是“再见”的另一种说法。

______________________________________ 5.说完这些话，他匆匆地去寻找那个失踪的孩子 ______________________________________ ______________________________________ 6．这种特殊的恐龙是我们国家发现的。 ______________________________________ 7．我没有笔写字。

______________________________________ 8．照片中的王太太看起来很年轻。

______________________________________ 9．学好英语最好的方法是尽可能多的说。 ______________________________________

初 三 重 点 短 语

1. a set of (一)套/组/副

2. all over = around / throughout 遍及?的每个部分 as long as 长达 3. as much as 多达

as tall as 高达

4. a doctor for children 儿童医生 5. a number of 许多 (作主为复数)

the number of ?的数目/号码 (作主为单数) 6. as soon as possible 尽可能早地，尽快 7. as well = too 也；又；同样地 8. at the beginning of 在?初; 开始 9. at the age of 在?岁时 10. at sea 在大海上

11. at least 至少；起码 at most 最多

12. a place of interest = places of interest 名胜 13. allow sb to do sth 允许某人做某事 14. be abroad 出国

15. be able to = can 能；会 16. be afraid of 害怕

17. be excited about 对?感到兴奋 18. be amazed at 对?感到惊讶

19. be made of 由?组成；由?构成 20. be proud of 以?自豪（高兴） 21. be worth doing ?值得做

22. be filled with = be full of 装满；充满 23. be covered with 被?覆盖 24. before long = soon 不久以后 long before 很久以前 25. be to do 打算做；将要做

be used for sth / doing sth 用于? 26. be used as 被当作?来使用

be used by 被?使用 27. break in two 裂成两半 28. be busy doing 忙于做? be busy with sth 忙于某事 29. 既?又?；两者都

30. beg one‘s pardon 请原谅；对不起 31. by the time 在?时候以前 32. come true 实现

33. come up with 提出；提供 34. cut down 砍倒；砍伐

35. carry on 坚持下去；继续下去

36. come to one‘s ears 传入（某人的）耳朵 37. carry sb to safety 把某人带到安全地 38. can‘t wait to do sth 迫不及待做某事 can‘t help doing 情不自禁地做某事 39. drop off 放下（某物）；下车 40. deserve to do 做?理所应当 41. even though 即使

42. ever since 从那时起；此后一直

43. encourage sb to do sth 鼓励某人做某事 44. escape doing 逃脱做某事 45. far away 很远；遥远

46. from now on 从今以后；今后 47. find sb doing sth 发现某人做某事 48. feed on/ upon 以?为食

49. feel like doing = want to do 想要做某事 = would like to do give up sth 放弃某事

50. give up doing sth 放弃做某事

= stop doing sth

51. go over 过一遍；复习；仔细检查 52. get an injection 打针；注射 53. get …back 退还?；送回去 54. give birth to 生孩子

55. go straight along 沿着?直接走 56. hand in 交上来

57. have a try 尝试；努力 58. hear of / about 听说 59. human being 人 60. hands up 举手

61. have… off 有?的休息

62. have / has got = have / has 有

63. have nothing to do with 与?无关 have something to do with 与?有关 64. hour after hour 一小时一小时地；连续地 65. have sth done 请人做某事 66. in this way 用这种方法

in different ways 以不同的方法 67. It seems that + 从句：似乎；好象 68. It is said 据说 69. in history 历史上

70. in a few year‘s time 几年时间后 = in a few years 71. keep off 避开；防止

72. live on 继续存在，继续活着；靠?为生 73. leave +地点：离开某地

leave for +地点：动身去某地；前往某地74. make sure 确保；确认；查明 75. more or less 或多或少 76. make a decision 作出决定 77. make a mistake 犯错误 78. make a progress 取得进步 79. make up one‘s mind 下决心

80. multiply … by …. 以?乘以? 81. make sb + 形：使某人如何 make me happy 使我愉快

make a contribution to sth 为某事做准备 82. make a contribution to doing sth 为做某事做准备

83. no matter what = whatever 无论什么 84. not only… but also 不但?而且 85. on display 陈列；展览 86. on show 展出

87. on the other hand 另一方面；反过来说 on the other side of 在?的另一面 88. on business 经商

89. once upon a time 从前；很久以前 =long , long ago

90. open up 开放；开业；开设 91. pick up 捡起；拾起

92. point at 指着；指向（近物） point to 指向?（远物） 93. put off 推迟；拖延 94. put up 挂起；举起

95. prefer to do rather than do 宁愿做?而不愿做?96. run away 流失；逃跑；逃走 97. rush out 冲出去

98. regard … as 把?当作?；当作

99. receive / get a letter from 收到某人的来信 =hear from 100. send up 发射；把?往上送 101. set one‘s mind to do 一心想做? 102. shut down 把?关上 103. slow down 减缓；减速 104. so far 到目前为止 105. so that 以便；以致

some more books 另外的书 106. two more books 另外的两本书 = another two books 107. speak highly of 称赞 108. spill over 溢出

109. thanks to 由于=because of ；幸亏 110. think about 考虑

111. think of 认为；想起

think much/ a lot of 对?评价高；看重 112. turn down 调低；调小 turn up 调高；调大 113. try out 实验；尝试 used to + 动原：过去常常（做） 114 be used to + 动原：被用来做? be / get used to sth 习惯于某事 be/ get used to doing sth 习惯于做某事 what do you mean by …? ?是什么意思 115. = what does … mean ? = what‘s the meaning of …? 116. what’s the population of ?的人口是多少 have a population of 有?的人口 117. what … for =why 为什么 118. warn sb about / of sth 警告某人某事 warn sb against doing 警告某人别做某事 119. with one‘s help 在某人的帮助下

= with the help of

120. wear out 穿破；穿烂

121. wash away 冲走

(I)

1.useful 2. √ 3. for 4. other 5. moving

6. look 7. no 8. are 9. √ 10. and

(H)

1. first 2. great (big) 3. with 4. brought

5. diseases 6. longer 7. good 8. was

9. but 10. √

八种动词时态，有的只要求达到理解层次，有的则要求达到熟练运用层次。至少其中五种时态包括过去进行时是要求达到熟练运用层次的，而且其考查方式肯定不会以某一时态的独立形式出现，而是时态的综合运用，尤其要重视各种时态之间的区别。

找出它们之间的不同冠词的用法.

现以冠词为例：

1.John was given _______ orange bag for his birthday but ______ bag was lost just now. A.an,a B.a,the C.the,a D.an,the 2.There's ________ old tree near _______ house. A.a,an B.an,the C.a,the D.the,a

3.There is ___ 800-metre-long road behind ___ hospital.A.an,an B.a,a C.an,the D.a,the

4._______ good,kind girl she is! A.How B.What a C.What D.How a

5.________ bad weather!I hope it won't last long. A.How B.What C.What a D.How a 6._______ they are listening to the teacher! A.How careful B.What careful C.How carefully D.What carefully

由上例题我们可以发现冠词和感叹句是必考内容。同样，象宾语从句的语序、代词的格、主谓语一致、动词和介词的搭配、近义词的比较以及习惯表达法和情态动词的使用等，无一不在考查之列。 所有这一切语言基础知识，我都将通过对典型试题的解题分析，展开讨论，分层展示难易对比，系统归纳。 对于语言基础知识是这样处理，那么对以能力测试为主要目的的中考其他试题形式又该怎么办呢？ 这里我们以一篇完形填空题为例： A poor farmer had never left his small village.After he(1) a lot of money,he decided to spend a holiday in an expensive hotel(旅馆)in a bigtown.(2)lunch time came on his first day there,he went to eat in the restaurant(餐馆)of the hotel(3) his new clothes.The head waiter(服务员)(4)him to the table,took his order

and went away.When he turned and (5)the farmer again,he had a (6)!The farmer had tied(系)his table cloth round his (7). The head waiter told another waiter to go to the farmer and (8) him that people (9) do such a thing in his restaurant.So the waiter went tothe farmer and said in a (10) voice(声音),\morning,sir.Would you like a haircut?\1.A.lent B.made C.paid D.gave 2.A.During B.Though C.When D.Because 3.A.for B.with C.on D.in 4.A.wanted B.put C.showed D.brought

5.A.looked at B.watched C.saw D.found 6.A.look B.rest C.table cloth D.surprise

7.A.arm B.neck C.hand D.head 8.A.ask B.tell C.taught D.told 9.A.can't B.don't C.won't D.mustn't 10.A.friendly B.tired C.sad D.ter

要求考生从所给的选项中选出正确答案，使补足后的短文意思通顺，结构完整。对此，考生必须通篇考虑，不能拿来就做，那样必然顾此失彼，前后意思不得连贯。目前的中考完型还侧重于语法，这将在逐年试题的变革中转向按上下文的要求来推断理解。 在解这类题时，必须掌握“词感现象”，注意学会区分“干扰项”。所谓词感，“the sense of word\是指一种对词或词群的

感受能力。对词的感受力强，在解题时会较为容易地找到它

与情景的关系。词感并不仅仅指词与词之间的细微差异，也并不注重词的搭配与组合，它较多地强调选用恰当的词，以

利于对情景作出合乎逻辑的判断。同时也就把其它三个作为干扰项的选择项排除掉了。最后复读一篇全文，就会语感流畅，句意明确。 这儿举例的目的是想说明，我从一个较高的立意来对中考题型，特别是完形、阅读等，进行分析、探讨，借以使同

boxes of apples 学们获得较为完整的解题思路和解题方法。 院里 例： 1、These two pieces of bread __________over there.(be) in the front of 在?范围内的前部 in hospital (生病)住 词汇（一）

2、Could I have three ___________,please？ 这一讲里，主要帮助同学们掌握名词、冠词、数词的用法，院 A.piece of bread B.piece of breads 特别是针对同学不易掌握的方面。 练习:There's _________800-metre-long road behind 一、名词 关于名词，我们必须掌握名词的数，名词的格。

单数可用a、an来修饰可数名词单数，在元音发音开头的单词

前用an，而不是a

1.复数的构成方法：(1)一般在复数名词后加s，如：dog--dogs。

(2)以s、x、ch、sh结尾的名词加es，如：watch--watches。

(3)以辅音字母加y结尾的名词，变y为i加es， 如：

country--countries。

请区别：如果是元音字母加y结尾的名词，则只须加s。 如：

monkey--monkeys。

(4)以o结尾的名词，只有potato(土豆)，tomato(西红柿)加es

构成复数。

(5)以f、fe结尾的名词，变f、fe为v再加es， 如：knife--knives。 2.单复数形式相同的词：sheep--sheep，fish--fish Chinese--Chinese，Japanese--Japanese

3.特殊变化的单词有：(1)tooth--teeth，foot--feeth

(2)man--men，woman--women，

policeman--policemen,Frenchman--Frenchmen

请区别：German(德国人)—Germans (3)child—children 4.常以复数形式出现的名词：people(人)，clothes(衣服)，

trousers(裤子) glasses(眼镜) ,这些名词作主语时，同学们应特

别注意它们的谓语，用复数。 如：My clothes are (be) newer

than yours.

5.有些名词看似复数形式，实际上是单数。这一点是同学不

易掌握的，应特别加以记忆。如：news(消息)，maths(数学)，

physics(物理) No news is good news.

6.可用how many，many，a few，few，a lot of，lots of，some，

any等来修饰可数名词复数。 How many are there in your

pencil-box?(knife)

不可数名词：1.常见的不可数名词有：water，rice，fish，meat，

等。应特别记

medicine,news,work,homework,housework,money,chalk,weather,

cotton,wood.

2.不可数名词无复数，作主语时常看成单数。如：Some

bread__________over there.(be)

3.常用how much,much,a little,little,a lot of,some,any等来修饰

不可数名词。

4.常用a piece of,a cup of等来表示不可数名词的量。如要表

达“两片面包”这样的意义，bread仍为不可数名词，不加s，而piece则可加s。即：twopiecesof bread 请区别：可数名词也可用量来表示， 如：三箱苹果three C.pieces of bread D.pieces of breads 名词的格 名词所有格的构成方法，在名词后加“ 's”。如：Tom→Tom's译为“?的”，若遇上以s结尾的复数名词，则在s后加“ '”即可。如：Teachers'Day , twoweeks'holiday，而不以s结尾的复数名词的所有格，仍按惯例加's 。如：Children's Day 关于名词所有格，应掌握以下几点： 1.可用名词所有格表示地点。 如：my aunt's 我姑姑家。 go to the doctor's 去医生家。 2.表示两人共同拥有，在最后一个名词后加's 如：Lucy and Lily's 露西和莉莉的 3.掌握词组：a girl of five 一个五岁的女孩 a friend of mine 我的一个朋友 eg;The white shirt is and blue one is . A、Kate,my B.Kate's,mine C.Kate,mine D.Kate's,my 二、冠词 冠词是词汇中的基础的，也是简单的部分，所以同学们有必要掌握其基本用法，归纳起来，同学们应该掌握以下几点：1. 冠词指不定冠词

a,an和定冠词the 2.不定冠词an常用于元音发音开头的词前，如：an hour,an English car. 请区别：a useful machine 3.指上文提到过的人或物，用定冠词the 4.在世界上独一无二的事物前用定冠词the.如：the sun,the moon,the earth 5.定冠词the用于序数词前，表示方位的名词和形容词最高级前。如：the first,the best ,in the south 6.在复数姓氏前加the，表示××一家人，常看成复数。 如：The Browns are going to Shanghai for a holiday this summer. 7.在介词短语中常用定冠词the，如：in the box ,behind the chair 8.特别注意不能用定冠词the的几个方面： (1)在节日、星期、月份、季节、年等词前不用冠词。如：in summer,in August 请区别：in the spring of 1945. (这里表示特指，故加the) (2)一日三餐和球类运动名不用冠词。 如：have breakfast ,play football (3)一些固定词组中，如：go to bed ,go to school,by bus ,at night.

9.在有些词组中，有冠词和无冠词意思不同，请注意区别： in front of 在?前面 in the hospital 在医_________hospital. A.an,an B.a, a C.an, the D.a, the 三、数词 同学们首先应会读会写所有基数词和序数词，以及与数词有关的钟点表达法。对数词的考查，中考常采用单选题及听力题，这些题型归纳起来，应掌握以下几点特别容易出错的地方。 1.基数词变序数词。其规律为： 1,2,3特殊记，加th从4起 (first,second,third,fourth) 8少t，9去e，千万别忘记 (eighth,ninth) 逢5逢12，ve变f (fifth,twelfth) 20到90，y要变ie (twentieth,ninetieth) 若是几十几，前基后序别倒位 (ninety-first) 2.hundred,thousand,million 在构成具体的数字时用单数形

式。 如：five hundred people. 只有在表达笼统的多数时才加s，构成复数形式。 hundreds of 数以百计的，成百上千的 thousands of 数以千计的，成千上万的 millions of 数百万的 这些词组前不能用具体数字。 3.序数词常与定冠词the 连用。 练习:①Henry has learned eight _________ French words this year. A.hundred B.hundreds C.hundred of D.hundreds of ②The _________lesson is the most difficult one in Book Two. (twenty)

另外，同学们还应掌握与数词有关的钟点表达法。

顺读法(钟点＋分钟) 如：4:30 four thirty 4:45 four forty-five

4:15 four fifteen 倒读法(分钟＋to／past＋钟点) 如：4:30 half past four

4:15 fifteen past four／a quarter past four 4:45 fifteen to five／a quarter to five 练习题 : 1.At the beginning of the_____(twenty) century,the world's population was about 1700 million. 2.Are these_____(watch)yours? Yes.

3.You don't look well.You'd better go to the______(doctor) at once. 4.Would you give me________,please? A.two papers B.two piece of paper C.two pieces of

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