英语7-9年级精品讲义(4)

其否定式为：ask/want/tell sb not to do sth 2)省to不定式作宾补，即： (l, m, n; 3h; 2看; 1f) sb do sth

l—let, m—make, n—notice; 3h—hear, have , help; 2看—see, watch; 1f—feel.

eg.1)The boss made the workers work 12 hours every day. 2)I often hear him sing. 2)区别省to不定式作宾补与动词ing形式作宾补. hear / see sb do: 听见/看见某人做了某事 hear / see sb doing: 听见/看见某人在做某事

Ⅱ、 知 识 要 点

1.问职业：

What be + 主语？= What does /do +主语+do? eg. He is a teacher.（提问） ______ _____ he _____?

2.It‘s nice talking to you.与你谈话真高兴。 △

3.表方式的短语 1)on foot

2)by + 交通名词单数（无冠词）

= in / on a (the; 物主代词；名词所有格) eg. 1) by bike = on a bike by car = in a car

2) He goes to work by a bike every day.(改错) _____________

must: 个人主观上认为“必须”（无时态变化）

4. have to : 有外部条件强加的客观上的“不得不” （存在各种时态）

eg. 1) I _________ stop on the way because of the rain. 2) I ______ stop because I‘m a little tired. △

5.提建议

Shall we… ? 答 肯定：Good idea / OK / Let‘s … All right Why not… ? 语 否定：No, let‘s…

肯定：Certainly/ Yes, please/ 另外还可回答为 Yes, I think so/ I‘d love to

否定：No,I don‘t think so / I‘m afraid not.

put on强调“穿”的动作：穿上，戴上 后接 △

6.. wear是 put on 之后的结果：穿着 ―衣服‖ = be in 名词 dress sb: 给某人穿衣

eg. 1)You‘d better ____ more clothes when you go out. It‘s cold outside.

A. wear B. dress C. put on D. take off 2)The boy can ________ himself now.

A. wear B. dress C. put on D. take off 3) Tom is wearing a red shirt today. A. is on B. is in C. is putting on △

7.在具体的某楼前用 on

eg. He lives on the fifteenth floor. △

8.How do you like… ? 你觉得??怎么样？ = What do you think of … ?

eg. How do you like the new film? = What do you think of the new film? 你觉得这部新电影怎么样？ 9.a little = a bit

但注意：1) a little+名词 = a bit of + 名词 ) eg.There is a little( a bit of ) water in the glass. 2) not a little = very not a bit = not at all △

10. quite : quite a (an) + 形 + 名 very : a very + 形 + 名 eg. This is a very interesting book. = This is quite an interesting book. 11.in a hurry: 匆忙地

eg.1)He is in a hurry all day.

2)She went to school in a hurry.

另外：hurry to … = go to … in a hurry

12. marry sb = be married to sb.与某人结婚 get married = be married 已婚；结婚

（但get married是“短命”动词，要指“结婚多久”应用be married）

eg. 1)She married with a doctor (找错) ______

2)She has got married for ten years (找错) __________ △

13. leave sth + 地点：把某物忘在某地 forget sth : 忘记某事

eg. 1)He ______ the driver‘s license yesterday. 2)I ____ my umbrella in the train just now. △

14.感叹句

1）What (a, an) + 形 + 名．（+主 + 谓）！ (注：但名词为不可数、复数时，则不用a / an) 2）How + 形 / 副 （ + 主 + 谓）！ eg.1)________ bad weather!

2)______ hard they are working! 3)______ good girl she is!

4)_____ beautiful flowers they are!

“雨大，雪大”heavy---heavily/ hard △

15.“风大” strong ---strongly “太阳大”bright---brightly 注意以上词的形、副区别

eg. 1)There was a __________ rain yesterday.

2)It blew ________ last night.

3)The sun is shining ___________. 4)Look! It‘s raining __________. 5)What a ___________ wind!

how long: 多长时间（问时间段） △

16. how often: 多久一次（问频率）

how soon = when: 何时（问将来时间） eg.1)--________ does he go home?

-- Once a week.

2)--________ were you away from school last year? --Less than a week.

3)--________ will he come back? --In two days.

17.??instead:副词（句首、句末） ?insteadof:介词短语（后接名/动名/代词）eg. 1)I didn‘t go to the cinema. _____ I went to the library yesterday.

2)We would like to stay at school _______ going to the cinema today. △

18.so 句型

so + be(助、情) + 主语：“也如此” so + 主语 + be(助、情)：“的确如此” eg.1)I watched TV last night, and so did she. 昨晚我看了电视，她也看了。

2)I watch TV every day, and so does he. 我每天看电视，他也如此。 3)I can swim, so I can. 我会游泳，真的是这样。

注意：表示“也不如此”用neither / nor eg. I didn‘t watch TV last night, neither did she △

19.指路与问路 问路

1)Excuse me. Could you tell me … how I can get to …. how to get to … the way to …

2)Excuse me. Which is the way to…

指路

1)Go down / up / along this road and… go还可替换为walk

2)Go down / up / along to the end. 3)Go on until you reach the end. 4)Take the … turning on the left. = Turn left at the … turning. 5)Go across the bridge

△

20.??sick:\生病的”（作表语、定语）?ill“生病的”（只作表语:）

eg.1)He‘s sick / ill in hospital.

2)A nurse (A) must take (B) good (C) care of ill (D) men. （选错） _____________

△

21.??may..be“也许是”（作谓语）:?maybe“也许”:?perhaps(作状语）

eg.1)__________ he is a student.

2)He ___________ a student.

△

22.??inhospital:在住院thehopital:在医院 ?in??inschool:在上学，上课?intheschool:在学校?类似结构??attable:在吃饭atthetable:在桌旁

???inbed:躺在床上??atwar:在打仗??reach?地点??△23.到达??arrivein?大地点?后接here,there, ?at?小地点??home时省介词??getto?地点??但当后不接地点时，只能用arrive

eg.1)She ____ Shanghai last night.

A. reached to B. got C. arrived in D. arrived at 2)They ____ there in time at last.

A. reached to B. arrived C. got to D. arrived at 3) I‘ll ring you up as soon as he_____(到达).

??alone:1)adj指“形体上的孤单”（只作表语）?24.??2）adv?byoneself“独自地，单独地”eg.1)S?lonely:adj指“精神上的孤独，寂寞（作表语、??定语）he is _____________ girl.

2)Do you feel ______ when you are _____? 3)The old man live in a house ________.

??geton:上车（train;bus)25.??getoff:下车（train;bus)getinto:上（car;lift)

???getoutof:下（car;lift)26.工作??job:可数名词 ?work:不可数名词eg. I have (A) many (B) work to do (C)______ △

27.??muchtoo?形/副：“太??” ?toomuch?不可数：“太多”eg.1)He gave us _________ money. 2)She is ___________ young.

?bring:带来，拿来（靠近说话者）△

28.??take:带走，拿走（远离说话者） ??carry:搬，运，抬（不具方向性）eg.1)Please ____ your exercise book here tomorrow. 2)Meimei often helps the old man _____ water.

??somewhere:某地（用于肯定句）?29.??anywhere:任何地方（否、疑句）eg. –-I ?everywhere:到处；处处（用于肯定句）???hereandtherelooked for my pen___________, but I couldn‘t find it ____________.

---Don‘t worry. Sooner or later you‘ll find it _________. 30.to one‘s surprise 使某人吃惊的是?? 类似结构：to one‘s joy 使某人高兴的是??

eg. To our great surprise, she could swim in the river. 使我们惊奇的是，他能在河里游泳。

31. agree with : 同意某人（或某人所说的） agree to : 同意某事 eg. 1)He agree ___ my plan. 2)I agree ____ what you said.

32.be on … team: 参加??队；是??的队员 eg. He is on the city basketball team. 他是市篮球队队员。 △

33.teach sb+科目（当sb是人称代词时应用宾格） eg. He teaches our English(改错) __________ △

34.the 100-metre race 100米赛跑 100-metre作定语，修饰race, 注意metre用单数。 类似结构：①a two-thousand-word letter一封两千字的信 ②an 18-year-old girl一位18岁的女孩 另外有时还可用所有格形式来表达： 100-metre race = 100 metres‘ race

two-month holiday = two months‘ holiday

但当前面有a/ an ; 物主代词；所有格时。则只能用复合形容词来表示：

eg. What did the headmaster say about Jim‘s ______. A. two months holidayB. Two months‘ holiday C. two-month holiday D. two moth‘s holiday 35.problem与question

question: 指人们主观上产生而提出等待回答的问题。常与

ask , answer连用

problem: 指客观上存在等待解决的问题着重指“难题”。

常与solve , work out连用

1) We must find out a good way to solve the ______. 2) You can answer the _____ in your own words. borrow: 借进 borrow … from从?借 △

36. lend: 借出 lend sb sth = lend sth to sb 把某物借给某人

keep: 保存；借（多久）（与时间段连用） 1)Jack ____ me his bike last week. 2)You can _____ the book from me, but you can ____ it for only one week. △

37.It‘s +adj + of / for sb to do sth.

当形容词用于修饰人时，介词用of. 常见的此类形容词有：kind ; good ; clever ; careful ; polite ; right ; wrong. 其余情况用for.

1)It‘s very clever ____ you to do that.

2)It‘s hard ____ me to work out the problem. △

38. more: 另外的；额外的（放在数量词之后） another: 再一（另一?）（放在数量词之前） 1)May I have two _____ apples? 2)May I borrow _______ one book?

used to + 动原: 过去常常做?

△

39. be used to + 动原: 被用于做? be / get used to sth : 习惯于某事 1)He used to be late for school. 2)The knife is used to cut things. 3)He is uesd to hard work.

other: 放在被修饰词之前 △

40. else: 放在被修饰词之后，一般修饰不定代词和疑问词 1)other students别的学生 2)anybody else. 其它任何人

what else. 别的什么 △

41. so + 形/副 such + 形 + 名

但注意：

1) so +形+a / an + 单名= such a /an +形 +单名

2)so (many / much / few / little) + 名

3)so… that ; such … that如此?以致?

① It was ____ bad weather.

② There are ____ many poor in the country.

③ ____ few animals eat ____ much grass. ④ This city is ____ old, you‘d better visit it.

⑤ It‘s ______ important party ____ I can‘t miss it. have / has been to: 曾经去过? △

42. have / has gone to: 已经去了? have / has been in: 已在?(多久)

注意：1)后接地点副词here, there , home时应省介词

2)与时间段连用只用have /has been in

① --Where‘s Tom?

--He ______________ Beijing.

② I ______ Beijing several times. ③ She ________ Chengdu for two years.

④ He __________ there twice.

△

43.“短命”动词 “长命”动词

buy—have ; borrow—keep ; die—be dead ; leave—be away

(from); come back—be back; fall asleep—be asleep ; open—be

open ;

catch a cold—have a cold; go /get out—be out; arrive (reach / get to / come to) +地点—be in +地点；join—be in

+集体（或be + 成员）；

turn on—be on; turn off—be off ;

get a letter from—have a letter from.

end /finish—be over ; get up—be up ;

1) He has (A) bought (B) the fridge (C) for (D) two years. _________

2)How long (A) may (B) I borrow (C) the (D) book? _________

3)The film (A) has begun (B) for five minutes(C). _________

4)Tom has got (A) the letter (B) from (C) Jim for two days (D). __________ 5)I have (A) caught (B) a cold since two years ago (C). ____________ 6)He has (A) come to (B) Beijing for ten years(C) ___________

7)My brother (A) has joined (B) the army (C) for (D) five years. ___________

44. except: 除?以外（不包括除去的部分） besides: 除了?，还有?（包括除去的部分）

1) We go to school every day except Sunday. 该句意味着： We go to school from Monday to Saturday. 2)We all went to the park besides Li Lei. 该句意味着： We went to the park, and Li Lei went, too.

take: It take sb sometime to do sth. △

45.spend(time/money)onsth(in)doingsth 主语 pay (money) for sth 是人 buy sth for + money cost: sth cost sb + money 主语是物

1)I _____ ten yuan on the book. 2)I _____ ten yuan for the book. 3)The book _____ me ten yuan. 4)I _____ the book for ten yuan.

5)It _____ me an hour to do the maths problem

sometime: 某时(与将来时连用)

△

46 sometimes: 有时（一般现在时

some time: 一些时候(表时间段)

some times:几次 eg. 1)He _______ (go) to Beijing sometime next week. 2)I _______ (be) to Beijing some times.

47.be to do: 表将来 There is to be a sports meeting next Saturday. △

48.计量：表事物的“长、宽、高、深、远、厚”用 ―long ; wide ; high / tall ; deep ; away ; thick.

1)Mr Green is nearly two metres ________

2)The ice is about one metre _________.

3)Our classroom is about twelve metres ______and eight metres

__________.

△ 49.population ：不可数名词。指人口的多少用“

large / big或small1) What’s ” ；询问人口的多少用 what. the population of Germany?

德国的人口是多少？

2)China has a large population.中国人口众多 3)The population (A) of (B) Japan is less (C) than that (D) of India. ____________ 另外注意： 表示“有?人口”用 have a population of .

Now China has a population of more than one billion. 现在中国有十亿多人口。

50.room1)房间（可数名词）2)空间（不可数名词）

eg. make room for: 为?腾出空间 51.seem的用法：

1)seem + adj = seem to be + adj

He seems very angry = He seems to be angry. 2)seem to do

It seems to rain tomorrow.明天似乎要下雨。 3)It seems + that从句

It seems that you are right.你似乎是对的。

51.asif?虚拟语气（即过去时）?todo

1)He talked as if he knew all about it. 他说话的口气好象已经全知道了此事。 2)He opened his mouth as if to say something. 他开口似乎要说什么。

?beat:1)beatsb（比赛中）打败某人?52.??2)beat?一个集体（team;class)??win:后接“比赛、奖品等”____ them 5 to 3.

2)In the end we _____ the match.

interested;excited;surprised主语是人。指某 △

53.人对?感兴趣/感到兴奋/感到惊奇（只作表语）

interesting;excited;surprising主语是物。指

某物有趣/令人兴奋/使人惊奇（可作定、表语） 1)It‘s an ________football game. 2)I‘m ________ in music.

1)作情态动词，用于否、疑句 △

54.need 2)作实义动词 need to do(表主动)

need doing(表被动)

1)You needn‘t go home now. 2)The bike needs mending. 3)I need to go home now. △

55. alive: 活着的；在世的（常作后置定语） living: 活着的；没死的（常作前置定语） 1)Both plants and animals are _______ thing. 2)No one ______ will believe it. △

56.否定前移的动词：think , believe , expect , suppose. 1)I didn‘t expect their team would win. 我希望他们的对不会赢。

2)I don‘t think he will come tomorrow.

1)We

我认为明天他不会来。

look at: （有意识地）看? △

57. see: （look at之后的结果）看见

read: 看（书、报等）

watch: 看（电视、比赛等）

另外注意：1)see a film看电影

2)see a doctor看医生

1)I often ______ newspaper after suppe.

2)He _____ the picture, and ____ some trees in it. △

58. listen to :（有意识地）听?

hear: （listen to之后的结果）听见 He was very sorry to ________ the bad news. look for:（强调“找”的动作）寻找 △

59. find: （look for之后的结果）找到

find out: (经过努力、周折)查出，找出（真相等） They are ___________ their lost horse. A. finding B. looking for C. finding out △

60. hope: (可能实现的)愿望 wish: (难以实现的)愿望

另外注意：1)wish to do sth = hope to do sth 2)wish sb to do sth ( ) hope sb to do sth( ╳ )

( )I _____ you to come to school earlier next time. A. wish B. hope C. wants

①enough：放在形、副之后. good enough △

61. ②修饰不定代词(something, anything, nothing)的词应后

置。

③else修饰不定代词和疑问词应后置） 1)I have something important to tell you. 2)He didn‘t run fast enough to catch up with Tom.

had better +动原 否定had better not +动原 △

62 Will / Would you please +动原？

Will / Would you please not + 动原？ Will you please not talk in class? △

63. What‘s the weather like …? ?的天气

= How‘s the weather … ? 怎么样？ △

64. find +宾 +形：觉得?怎么样

find it +形 +to do: 觉得做?怎么样

类似用法还有make , think等

1)I find the question ___________(容易). 2)I think it important to learn Englis. △

65. a number of +复名：许多，一些(作主为复)

the number of: ?的数目/号码(作主为三单) The number of the students in our class is 50. too: 句末 用于肯定句

△

66. also: 句中 “也”

either: 否定句末“也不”

1)I don‘t like reading, she doesn‘t , ______. 2)Tom is fourteen. Jim is _____fourteen. △

67. already , just : 肯助后

yet: 否、疑末

1)I have already had lunch. 2)I haven‘t had lunch yet. 68. live: (长时间的)居住 stay: (短时间的)居住

eg. He lives in Changsha, but he‘s going to stay in Shanghai for a few days.

Ⅲ、替换练习

解题指导：

该类题常常以以下几种情况进行考察：

1．描述释义，也叫概念释义，即用一种情况来对某词进行解释。

eg. huge= very big glass= cup made of glass

agree = say yes/ have the same idea

2．同义词释义。指用意义相同或相近的词进行替换。 eg. nearly = almost perhaps = maybe difficult = hard fast = quickly

3．否定释义。即对某些词用相反的意思进行解释。 eg. cheap = no expensive thick = not thin dirty = not clean low = not high/ tall

4．常识释义。即词义本身属于一种生活常识。 eg. century = 100 years August = the eighth month

summer = the season between spring and autumn London = the capital of England

常见的词语解释

almost nearly a little a bit

around all over be like look like bright clever begin start

beside next to be in be at home be quick hurry up be out be away come from be from fail not pass cross go across hard difficult last go on hurry walk quickly hardly almost not hurry up go quickly expensive dear look out be careful must have to on about

over more than wear be in why what … for stop give up thanks to because of join take part in as soon as possible as soon as sb can be weak in be not at good at catch up with not fall behind have a good time enjoy oneself

a lot of lots of ; many / much at last in the end ; finally at the moment now

hold on wait a moment just now a moment ago leave go away (from) reach arrive in /at ; get to prefer … to… like … better than … spend … on pay … for take a look have a look walk on go on walking

go to sleep get to sleep / fall asleep walk to … go to … on foot take a bus catch a bus

look after take (good) care of

hear from receive / get a letter from be filled with be full of fly to… go to … by air

return 1)come back 2) give back teach oneself learn … by oneself

at once right now(现在) /right away(立刻)

练 习

选出与划线部分意思相同或相近的一项 ( )1.Liu Ying is like her twin sister. A. likes B. loves C. looks like

( )2. You must drink a lot of water every day. A. many B. much C. a little

( )3.Most of the teachers in our school are from South China. A. lived in B. get back from C. come from

( )4.She took care of her grandpa when she was free. A. looked after

B. looked for C. gave medicine to

( )5.Are you sure he is able to do the work by himself. A. must B. has to C. can

( )6.Mum, I‘m hungry. Can I have some cakes? A. drink B. eat C. play

( )7.Jack, please come and sit by the teacher. A. before B. near C. past

( )8.Summer is coming. The weather will become hotter and hotter.

A. catch B. get C. feel

( )9.Excuse me, can you tell me the way to the shop? A. answer B. show C. give

( )10.He didn‘t bring the book here. He had to go home to get it. A. could B. may C. must ( )11.Hello, James. Nice to see you. A. catch B. meet C. watch ( )12.I don‘t understand his words. A. what he told B. what he said C. that he talked

( )13.They came here by air. A. by bike B. by plane C. by bus ( )14. Glad to see you again. A. Sorry B. Nice C. Bad

( )15.Can I use your bike? Mine is not here. A. lend B. borrow C. get

( )16.Are you going to swim this afternoon. A. has a swim B. have a swim C. swimming ( )17.I‘m not free tonight. A. hungry B. late C. busy

( )18.Don‘t worry. I‘ll be back in a minute. A. very soon B. fast C. quick ( )19.Summer follows spring. A. comes before B. comes after C. is under ( )20.I‘ll get a new dictionary soon. A. take B. sell C. buy

( )21.When did the students get to the factory yesterday? A. came B. arrived C. reach

( )22.They were quite pleased to see each other again. A. please B. good C. glad

( )23.The meeting will be held at a quarter to eight. A. 8:15 B. 7:45 C. 7:15

( )24.The students had a good time in the winter holiday. A. enjoyed themselves B. enjoyed them C. had no time

( )25.The shirt is very nice. I‘ll take it. A. try B. buy C. sell ( )26.How is the weather today? A. What‘s the weather like B. What was it like C. What‘s the weather looks like

( )27.Mr. Li will take me to the park if he is free next Sunday. A. will be free. B. has time C. had time ( )28.He prefers apples to oranges. A. likes ; than other B. likes ; better than C. doesn‘t like ; so much

( )29.She doesn‘t have to worry about he illness. A. needn‘t B. can‘t C. mustn‘t

( )30. He had to attend the party by himself. A. alone B. only he C. lonely ( )31.He said nothing at that time. A. make noise B. kept silent C. took his seat

( )32.There were still quite a few people in the street that evening.

A. not many B. many C. much

( )33.We‘ll held a class meeting tomorrow. A. have B. give C. put

( )34.The girl was so weak that she didn‘t catch up with others. A. fell behind B. tried to hold C. ran after ( )35. He prefers apples to oranges. A. likes; than other B. likes ; as much as C. likes ; better than

( )36.The building has been there for a century. A. a short time B. a long time C. a hundred years.

( )37.Mr Smith flew to London yesterday. A. went to London by train B. went to London by bus C. went to London by plane

( )38.Mike is weak in Chinese because he missed so many lessons.

A. likes B. does well in C. is not good at

( )39.Tom hasn‘t heard from his parents for a long time. A. listened to B. write a letter to C. received any letters from

( )40.We wanted to know when we would have an English test. A. wanted to see B. got to know C. wondered

( )41.Every body says he is a bright boy. A. brave B. clever C. tall ( )42.Mary is wearing a red dress today. A. on B. in C. putting on

( )43.Both my brother and I like the picture very much. A. He B. We C. I

( )44. The doctor asked him to give up smoking. A. give in B. stop C. go on

( )45.Li Lei got up early last Sunday and Jim got up early, too. A. so was Jim B. so did Jim C. Jim did so

根据汉语完成句子方法指导

根据汉语完成句子特别注意以下内容： 1.宾语从句中的否定前移。

2.宾从的时态、语序以及疑问词+to do

3.被动语态（① 省to不定式还原；② 动词短语中的介词不能遗漏）

4.状语从句中的一般现在时

5.完成时（长、短命动词的区别） 6.It‘s + adj + for / of sb to do sth

7.find / think / make it + adj + to do . 8.动词不定式（作定语的不定式要求是及物动词或及物动词短语）

9.被动语态的一般现在时、一般过去时、现在完成时、一般将来时、现在进行时。

10.尽可能考虑短语的固定用法

练 习

1.我觉得用英语回答这个问题很容易。

I found ___ very ____ ___ _____ the question in English. 2.学好英语对我们来说是很重要的。

___ very important ___ ___ ___ study English well. 3.在旧社会，他们被迫日夜不停地工作。

They ____ ____ ___ ____ day and night in the old days. 4.这个小孩没有球玩，所以他不高兴。

The child has no ball ___ ____ ____ , so he is ________. 5.这间屋子对我们来说太小了而不能住。 The room is too small ___ us ___ ____ ___ 6.我花了一个半小时的时间来完成家庭作业

___ ____ me one and a half ______ ___ finish my homework. 7.在中国老人受到很好的照顾。

Old people____ _____good ____ ___in China.

8.当我们到达电影院时，电影已经开始半小时了。

The film ____ ____ ___ for half an hour when I ______ the cimema.

9.直到公共汽车停下来才能开门。

____ ____ the door ____ the bus _____. 10.我认为明天他不会开会。

I ____ ____ he ____ ____ a meeting tomorrow. 11.汤姆不知道怎么处理这本图书馆藏书。

Tom doesn‘t know ____ ___ ____ _____ the library book. 12.老师问我做这道数学题花了多少时间。

The teacher asked me how long ___ ____ me ___ ___ the maths problem.

13.昨天我把钥匙忘在了办公室。

I ____ my key ___ ___ _____ yesterday. 14.他不知道下一步怎么办。

He doesn‘t know ____ ___ ___ next. 15.格林在访问中国。

Mr. Green is ___ ___ _____ ___ China. 16.这幢楼房已建成十年了。

The building ____ _____ ____ for 10 years 17.我不知道明天是否去北京。

I don‘t know _____ ___ ____ to Beijing tomorrow. 18.他父亲死了五年了。

____ 5 years _____ his father _____.

19.今天，在美国仍有许多树在继续被砍伐

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