--The dragon totem was frequently decorated on Imperial architecture. Gardens
Chinese garden are all fine combinations of natural beauty and man-made scenery.
The building principle: \by heaven.” “虽由人作，宛自天开” Types of Gardens
Imperial Gardens: The Summer Palace, The Imperial Summer Resort in Chengde
Private Gardens: The Humble Administrator?s Garden (拙政园),The Garden for Lingering in(留园) , The Master-of-Nets Garden (网师园), Lion Grove(狮子林) , Pavilion of the Surging Waves(沧浪亭) Temples
Temples in china can be categorized into the following types: Taoist Temple Confucian Temple Buddhist Temple Islamic Temple Mausoleums(陵墓)
Civilian Residential Housing
Civilian residential housing refers to the house of the common people in different parts of China. Since China is a country of diverse natural environments and cultural traditions, its civilian residential housing features diverse styles. Beijing quadrangles / Siheyuan(北京四合院) Cave dwellings (窑洞) Earthen Building/Tulou(土楼) Huizhou Residential Houses
Haikou Old Arcade Street海口骑楼老街
Haikou Old Arcade Street contains the oldest buildings in the city and was largely built by wealthy Chinese from the mainland and some overseas Chinese who had returned to their homeland. The houses are a mixture of styles including Portuguese, French, and Southeast Asian. they can principally be found on Bo'ai Street, Zhongshan Street, Xinhua North Street, Deshengsha Street
and Jiefang Street. It was selected as one of China?s cultural and historical street.
Chapter 10 Chinese Martial Arts and Traditional Chinese Medicine (TCM)
Word and Expressions Martial art 武术 Shadow boxing 太极
Traditional Chinese Medicine (TCM)中医 Chinese herbal medicine (中草药/中药) acupuncture(针灸) dietary/ food therapy(食疗) An Introduction of Martial Arts
Chinese martial arts, also known as Wushu or Kung Fu in China, is traditional Chinese sport and one of the most familiar examples of Chinese traditional culture. According to the formation of Chinese characters, 武 (wu) is made up of 止 and 戈. The former means “stop” while the later means “dagger-axe” or “any kind of weapon”. The combination of the two means stopping martial actions. With 术 (shu), which means strategies, together, the term means “using methods and skills to stop martial actions and activities”.
The origins of Chinese martial arts are traced to self-defense needs, hunting activities and military training in ancient China. A number of fighting styles that have developed over centuries. Taichiquan,the Wisdom of Yin and Yang
Shadow boxing (TaiChiQuan), is one form of Chinese martial arts which consists of a sequence of dynamic movements that adhere to Chinese Yin Yang philosophy. The art is practiced for health benefits and also can be used for defending purpose. Taichi routines are usually typified by gentle and slow movements.
Traditional Chinese Medicine（TCM）
Traditional Chinese Medicine refers to a broad range of medicine practices sharing common theoretical concepts which have been developed in China and are based on a tradition of more than 5,000 years, including various forms of herbal medicine(草药), acupuncture(针灸), massage and dietary/ food therapy(食疗). These practices are a common part of medical care throughout East Asia, but are considered alternative in the Western world. Historical figures in TCM
Huang Di
He is the earliest ancestor of acupuncture and moxibustion（针灸鼻祖）.
It was similar to Shen Nong, Huang Di’s Classic of Internal Medicine was also not written by himself. It?s said that it might be finished in Qin and Han Dynasties. Hua Tuo
He is the earliest ancestor of surgery, lived in late Eastern Han Dynasty.He was famous for surgical operation and ma fei san (a kind of narcotic麻醉剂 made of herbs).He created a body building exercise called five animals exercise，it is based on the movements of tiger, deer, bear, ape(猿）and crane（鹤）. Bian Que
The four diagnostic methods (四诊合参——望闻问切）was created by him. Sun Simiao
He is the king of medicine（药王）,lived in Tang Dynasty. He finished the book Golden Prescriptions for Emergencies《备急千金方》，it was the earliest clinical medicine encyclopedia(临床医学百科全书） in China. Zhang Zhongjing
He is the herbalist doctor saint (医圣），lived in the Eastern Han . He finished the famous medical monograph Treatise on Febrile and Miscellaneous Disease《伤寒杂病论》. Li Shizhen
Li Shizhen (李时珍) of the Ming Dynasty, whose monumental masterpiece, Compendium of Material Medica (本草纲目), includes 1,892 medicinal substances, 11,096 prescriptions, and 1,162 illustrations.
Methods of Treatment in TCM Chinese herbal medicine (中草药/中 药)
Acupuncture(针灸/针疗） & Moxibustion 灸术, 艾灼 Massage(推拿)
Chinese food therapy (食疗/食療) Cupping (拔罐) Gua Sha (刮痧)
Chapter 11 Chinese Operas and Folk Arts
Word and Expressions paper cutting 剪纸 Chinese knot 中国结 Beijing Opera
Originally Beijing Opera was a form of local theatre. It then spread across the country and became the national opera of China. Singing, dialogue, acting and acrobatic (唱、念、做、打) are the four artistic means and the four basic skills of Beijing Opera.
The “Four Great Anhui Troupes” (四大徽班)coming to Beijing in 1790 ushered the forming of Beijing Opera. The combination of Huidiao（徽调),Kunqu(昆曲) and Qinqiang(秦腔) gradually formed Peking opera's main melodies.
The role type of Peking Opera 生(male roles)丑clown (a comic character )
Other Major Traditional Chinese Opera Kunqu Opera
旦(female roles) 净(roles with painted faces)
Kunqu Opera also called Kunshan Qiang (昆山腔), originated in the Kunshan region of Jiangsu Province. It is one of China's classical operas with a history of more than 600 years. It is known for its gentle and clear vocals, beautiful and refined tunes, and dance-like stage performance. Kunqu Opera is known as the \of a hundred operas, because of its influence on other Chinese theatre forms, including Beijing opera.
In 2001, it was listed in the Oral and Intangible Cultural Heritage by the United Nations Educational, Scientific and Cultural Organization (UNESCO联合国科教文组织).
Shaanxi Opera Chuan Opera Yue Opera Huangmei Opera Yue Opera
Folk Performing Arts Acrobatics 杂技 Quyi
Puppet Show 木偶戏 Shadow Play 皮影戏 Folk Handicraft Paper Cutting
Paper cut is one of the most popular Chinese decorative folk arts. Traditional paper cut is also called “Window blossoms” (窗花)because they were first put on windows for decoration.Other forms of paper cut are derived from the “window blossoms”. Jing Tai Lan
Jing Tai Lan is a combination of Chinese traditional bronze and china arts, paintings, carving arts and foreign enamel techniques. In the mid 15th century -- the “Jing Tai” period in the Ming Dynasty, this art craft had its own features and were pretty mature. It used to be named “Jing Tai Lan” because such articles were solely made in blue at the beginning.
On May 20th, 2006, the production technique of Jing Tai Lan was approved to be put in the list of the first national intangible cultural heritage by the Chinese Government. Chinese Knot
Chinese Knot or Chinese traditional decorating Knot is a kind of characteristic folk decorations of handicraft art. Appeared in ancient time, developed in Tang and Song Dynasty (960-1229A.D.)and popularized in Ming and Qing Dynasty (1368-1911A.D.) Chinese Knot has now become a kind of elegant and colorful arts and crafts from its original practical use.
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