The Formation of Diplomatic Policy in New China and its Main(4)

　　"Leaning to one side"involved two aspects：forming an alliance with the SovietUnion and the "non-recognition‘’of imperialist countries.The latter also demonstratedtke revolutionary nature of New China ‘s diplomacy in its embryonic form.In decidingto become an "ally"of the Soviet Union ，the CPC Central Committee also adoptedthe principle of non-recognition of Western nations ，that is，it was in no hurryto establish diplomatic relations with countries such as America and Great Britain，and would be in no hurry to do so for a fairly long period after the founding ofNew China so that the influence of imperialist forces could be completely eradicated.9

　　The decision of the CPC Central Committee was attributable to two main Considerations：One was to put an end to the century-long history of humiliating diplomacy ，which was also a necessary commitment of the Chinese Revolution.The other moreimportant reason was to prevent America interfering in the Chinese revolution.

　　The American government released the state Department ‘s White Paper on China-USrelations on 5August 1949，which received prompt and severe criticism from theCPC.The five commentaries written successively by Mao Zedong demonstrated thatthe struggle between intervention and anti-intervention that unfolded in relationto the developmental path for New China was defined by the CPC leadership as themain element in the confrontation between New China and America.The definitionof the nature of the Sino-American confrontation，the alliance with the Soviett Union ，the complete elimination of American influence in China immediately afterthe founding cf New China ，and other similar measures demonstrated that coordinatingSino-American relations would be an extremely difficult and protracted affair ，even if the Korean War had not occurred.

　　II.Three Major Policy Decisions and the Domestic Orientation of New China‘s Diplomacy

　　For a long time Chinese scholars have emphasized the complete difference Betweenthe diplomacy of New China and that of the Fast.In fact，there was continuitybetween the diplomacy of New China and that of the past ，as demonstrated by itsdomestic orientation.By domestic orientation we mean that Chinese foreign policiesas a whole were formulated to achieve domestic

　　political objectives and were swayed by domestic politics.This feature canbe traced back to the mid nineteenth century and lasted into the twentieth century.Previous studies have shown that from the end of the Anti -Japanese War to the foundingof the People ‘s Republic of China the needs of domestic .political struggle werealways one of the CPC Central Committee ’s main considerations in determining itsforeign policies.This practice would inevitably influence the foreign policiesof New China.10

　　The first and the most important diplomatic move after the founding of New Chinawas the conclusion of a treaty of alliance with the Soviet Union.During Mikoyan‘s visit to Xibaiko and Liu Shaoqi ’s visit to Moscow the leaders of the two stateshad discussed how to handle the old Sino-Soviet treaty and the possibility of signinga new one.When Mao Zedong paid a visit to Moscow soon after the founding of NewChina ，the main problem to be resolved was the concluding of a new treaty.Duringhis first meeting with Stalin on 26Deccmber 1949，Mao Zedong declared that ，"China now needs a breathing spell of three to five years to restore its economyto the pre -war level and to stabilize the nation."，。He also pointed to theobjectives in forging an alliance with the Soviet Union ，that is，that Chinalooked to Moscow for security safeguards，political support and economic assistance，and a new Sino-Soviet treaty would secure these requirements.At first Stalin clearlyruled out the possibility of concluding a new treaty.11

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