著作权的法经济分析范式——兼评知识产权利益平衡理论(10)

③ See Yochai Benkler, From Consumers to Users: Shifting the Deeper Structures of Regulation toward Sustainable Commons and User Access,Fed. Comm. L. J. 52(2000),p. 562

④ 事实上，在有体财产领域，这一原理也饱受批评，具体参见Louis Kaplow & Steven Shavell, Do Liability Rules Facilitate Bargaining: A Reply to Ayres and Talley,Yale L. J.105 (1995).

⑤ 伯尔尼公约第九条中规定的合理使用“三步测试法”是：例外必须限定在“特定的特殊情形”中；不影响作品的正常使用；没有不合理地损害权利人的正当利益。美国著作权法第107条规定合理使用的“四要件”是：利用的目的与性质；作品的性质；利用作品的比例；对作品潜在市场价值的影响。

注释:
[1]William Landes and Richard Posner.An Economic Analysis of Copyright Law［J］．J. Legal Stud.，1989，（18）．

[2]Neil Weinstock Netanel．Copyright and a Democratic Civil Society［J］．Yale L. J.，1996，（106）．

[3]Richard A. Posner．Economic Analysis of Law (6th edition)［M］．New York: Aspen Publishers，2003．

[4]Richard A. Posner．Cost-Benefit Analysis:Definition, Justification, and Comment on Conference Papers［J］．J. Legal Stud.，2000 ，（29）．

[5]Steve P. Calandrillo．An Economic Analysis of Intellectual Property Rights［M］．Fordham Intell. Prop. Media & Ent. J.，1998，（9）．

[6]Mark A. Lemley．Property, Intellectual Property, and Free Riding［J］．Tex. L. Rev.，2005，（83）．

[7]Shyamkrishna Balganesh．Debunking Blackstonian Copyright［J］．Yale L. J.，2009，（118）．

[8]Harold Demsetz．Toward a Theory of Property Rights［J］．The Am. Econ. Rev.，1967，（57）．

[9]Michael D. Birnhack．The Idea of Progress in Copyright Law［J］．Buffalo IP. L. J.，2001，（１）．

[10]Wendy J. Gordon．Fair Use as Market Failure: A Structural and Economic Analysis of the Betamax Case and Its Predecessors［J］．Colum. L. Rev. ，1989，（82）．

[11] Robert P. Merges．The Concept of Property in The Digital Era［J］． Hous. L. Rev. ，2008，（45）．

[12]F. A. Hayek．The Use of Knowledge in Society［J］．Am. Econ. Rev.，1945，（35）．

[13]Avery Wiener Katz (ed.)．Foundations of the Economic Approach to Law［M］．New York: Foundation Press ，2002．

[14]Richard A, Epstein．The Disintegration of Intellectual Property? A Classical Liberal Response to a Premature Obituary［J］．Stan. L. Rev. ，2010，（62）．

[15]Lawrence Lessig．Code 2.0［M］．New York: Basic Books，2006．

[16][美]斯蒂格利茨．经济学（上册）［M］．黄险峰等译．北京：中国人民大学出版社，2005．

[17]Frank H. Easterbrook．The Court and the Economic System［J］．Harv. L. Rev.，1984，（98）．

[18]Guido Calabresi and A. Douglas Melamed．Property Rules, Liability Rules, and Inalienability: One View of the Cathedral［J］．Harv. L. Rev.，1972，（85）．

[19]William Fisher．Promises to Keep:Technology, Law and the Future of Entertainment［M］．California : Stanford University Press ，2004．

[20]Neil Weinstock Netanel．Impose a Noncommercial Use Levy to Allow Free Peer-To-Peer File Sharing［J］．Harv. J. L. & Tech.，2003，（17）．

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