新GRE阅读真题与解析(维C上校 编著)(7)

“如果你想做只有少数人才能做到的事情，那么你就得去学会承受大多数人所承受不了的痛苦和孤独...”--献给所有还在追梦的，考新GRE的童鞋们@维C上校（特种部队）---新浪微博

9.Thepassageisprimarilyconcernedwith

Aexplainingwhycertainresearchfindingshavecreatedcontroversy

BpointingouttheflawsinaresearchmethodologyandsuggestingadifferentapproachCpresentingevidencetochallengeanexplanationandofferinganalternativeexplanationDelucidatingthemeansbywhichcertaingroupshaveadaptedtotheirenvironmentEdefendingalong-heldinterpretationbypresentingnewresearchfindings

10.Whichofthefollowingfindingswouldmoststronglysupporttheassertionmadebythearchaeologistsmentionedinline3?

AApopulationremainedinacertainregionatleastacenturyaftererosionworeawaymuchofthetopsoilthatsustainedgrassfortheirgrazinganimals.

BTherangeofacertaingroup’sagriculturalactivityincreasedoveracenturyofgradualdecreaseinannualrainfall.

CAswintersgrewincreasinglymildinacertainregion,thenomadicresidentsoftheregioncontinuedtomovebetweentheirsummerandwinterencampments.

DAnagriculturalpopulationbegantotradeforsuppliesofagraininsteadofproducingthegraininitsownfieldsasithadinthepast.

EAhalfcenturyofdroughtandfallinggroundwaterlevelscausedacertainpopulationtoabandontheirsettlementsalongariverbank.

11.Thefactthat“adjacentagriculturalfieldscanproducesignificantlydifferentyields”(lines15–16)isofferedasevidenceofthe

AunpredictabilityoftheclimateandenvironmentofthesouthwesternUnitedStates

BdifficultyofproducingaconsistentfoodsupplyforalargepopulationintheWesternPuebloregion

ClackofwaterandlandsuitableforcultivationincentralArizona

DlocalclimaticvariationintheenvironmentofthesouthwesternUnitedStates

Ehigh-frequencyenvironmentalprocessesatworkinthesouthwesternUnitedStates

12.ItcanbeinferredfromthepassagethatwhichofthefollowingactivitiesisNOTanexampleofapopulationrespondingtohigh-frequencyenvironmentalprocesses?

ADevelopingwatertightjarsinwhichtocollectandstorewaterduringtherainyseason

BBuildingmultistorydwellingsinlow-lyingareastoavoidtheflashfloodingthatoccurseachsummer

CMovingavillagebecausegroundwaterlevelshavechangedoverthelastgenerationDTradingwithothergroupsforfursfromwhichtomakewinterclothes

EMovingone’sherdsofgrazinganimalseachyearbetweensummerandwinterpastures

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“如果你想做只有少数人才能做到的事情，那么你就得去学会承受大多数人所承受不了的痛苦和孤独...”--献给所有还在追梦的，考新GRE的童鞋们@维C上校（特种部队）---新浪微博

arebasedonthefollowingreadingpassage.Questions13and21414are

Arcticseaicecomesintwovarieties.Seasonaliceformsinwinterandthenmeltsin

summer,whileperennialicepersistsyear-round.Totheuntrainedeye,allseaicelookssimilar,butbylickingit,onecanestimatehowlongaparticularpiecehasbeenfloatingaround.Whenicebeginstoforminseawater,itforcesoutsalt,whichhasnoplaceinthecrystalstructure.Astheicegetsthicker,therejectedsaltcollectsintinypocketsofbrinetoohighlyconcentratedtofreeze.Apieceoffirst-yearicewilltastesalty.Eventually,iftheicesurvives,thesepocketsofbrinedrainoutthroughfine,veinlikechannels,andtheicebecomesfresher;multiyearicecanevenbemeltedanddrunk.

Considereachofthechoicesseparatelyandselectallthatapply.13.Thepassagementionswhichofthefollowingasbeingacharacteristicofseasonalice?AItissimilarinappearancetoperennialice.

BItistypicallyfilledwithfine,veinlikechannels.CIttastessaltierthanperennialice.

14.Inthecontextinwhichitappears,“fine”(line7)mostnearlymeansAacceptableBelegantCpreciseDpureEsmall

Foreachofquestions19to25,selectoneanswerchoiceunlessotherwiseinstructed.

to20arebasedonthefollowingreadingpassage.Questions1919to

HistorianscreditrepeatedlocustinvasionsinthenineteenthcenturywithreshapingUnitedStates

agriculturewestoftheMississippiRiver.Admonishedbygovernmententomologists,farmersbegantodiversify.Wheathadcometonearlymonopolizetheregion,butitwasparticularlyvulnerabletothelocusts.In1873,justbeforethelocusts’mostwitheringoffensive,nearlytwo-thirdsofMinnesotafarmlandwasproducingwheat;bytheinvasions’lastyear,thatfractionhaddroppedtolessthanone-sixth.Farmerslearnedthatpeasandbeanswerefarlessvulnerabletotheinsects,andcornwasamorerobustgrainthanwheat.Inadditiontoplantingalternativecrops,manyfarmersturnedtodairyandbeefproduction.Althoughpastureswereoftendamagedbythelocusts,theselandswerealmostalwaysleftinbettershapethanthecropswere.

Forthefollowingquestion,considereachofthechoicesseparatelyandselectallthatapply.19.Accordingtothepassage,beforetherecommendationsbythegovernmententomologists,whichofthefollowingwastrueaboutfarmingwestoftheMississippiRiver?

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5

5

“如果你想做只有少数人才能做到的事情，那么你就得去学会承受大多数人所承受不了的痛苦和孤独...”--献给所有还在追梦的，考新GRE的童鞋们@维C上校（特种部队）---新浪微博

AFarmersfocusedprimarilyongrowingwheat.

BPeasandbeanshadnotyetbeenplantedintheregion.

CArelativelysmallportionoffarmlandwasdevotedtocropsotherthanwheat.20.Inthecontextinwhichitappears,“robust”(line7)mostnearlymeansAcrude

BdemandingCproductiveDvigorousErich

Question21arebasedonthefollowingreadingpassage.

In1998theUnitedStatesDepartmentofTransportationreceivednearly10,000consumercomplaintsaboutairlines;in1999itreceivedover20,000.Moreover,thenumberofcomplaintsper100,000passengersalsomorethandoubled.Inbothyearsthevastmajorityofcomplaintsconcernedflightdelays,cancellations,mishandledbaggage,andcustomerservice.Clearly,therefore,despitetheUnitedStatesairlineindustry’sseriouseffortstoimproveperformanceintheseareas,passengerdissatisfactionwithairlineserviceincreasedsignificantlyin1999.

21.Whichofthefollowing,iftrue,mostseriouslyweakenstheargument?

AAlthoughthepercentageofflightsthatarrivedontimedroppedslightlyoverall,from77percentin1998to76percentin1999,someUnitedStatesairlines’1999on-timeratewasactuallybetterthantheir1998on-timerate.

BThenumberofpassengersflyingonUnitedStatesairlineswassignificantlyhigherin1999thanin1998.

CFewerbagsper1,000passengersflyingonUnitedStatesairlineswerelostordelayedin1999thanin1998.

DTheappearancein1999ofmanynewInternetsitesthatrelaycomplaintsdirectlytotheDepartmentofTransportationhasmadefilingacomplaintaboutairlinesmucheasierforconsumersthaneverbefore.

EAlthoughthenumberofconsumercomplaintsincreasedforeverymajorUnitedStatesairlinein1999,forsomeairlinestheextentoftheincreasewassubstantial,whereasforothersitwasextremelysmall.

Questions22to24arebasedonthefollowingreadingpassage.

Nineteenth-centuryarchitectEugène-EmmanuelViollet-le-DuccontendedthatParis’s

Notre-Damecathedral,builtprimarilyinthelatetwelfthcentury,wassupportedfromtheverybeginningbyasystemofflyingbuttresses—aseriesofexteriorarches(flyers)andtheirsupports(buttresses)—whichpermittedtheconstructionoftallervaultedbuildingswithslimmerwallsandinteriorsupportsthanhadbeenpossiblepreviously.Othercommentatorsinsist,however,thatNotre-Damedidnothaveflyingbuttressesuntilthethirteenthorfourteenthcentury,whentheywereaddedtoupdatethebuildingaestheticallyandcorrectitsstructuralflaws.Although

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5

“如果你想做只有少数人才能做到的事情，那么你就得去学会承受大多数人所承受不了的痛苦和孤独...”--献给所有还在追梦的，考新GRE的童鞋们@维C上校（特种部队）---新浪微博

10

post-twelfth-centurymodificationsandrenovationscomplicateeffortstoresolvethiscontroversy—allpre-fifteenth-centuryflyershavebeenreplaced,andthebuttresseshavebeenrebuiltand/orresurfaced—itisneverthelesspossibletotellthatboththenaveandthechoir,thechurch’stwomajorparts,havealwayshadflyingbuttresses.Itisclear,nowthatnineteenth-centurypaintandplasterhavebeenremoved,thatthenave’slowerbuttressesdatefromthetwelfthcentury.Moreover,thechoir’slowerflyershavechevron(zigzag)decoration.Chevrondecoration,whichwascharacteristicofthesecondhalfofthetwelfthcenturyandwasoutoffavorbythefourteenthcentury,isentirelyabsentfrommodificationstothebuildingthatcanbedatedwithconfidencetothethirteenthcentury.22.ThepassageisprimarilyconcernedwithAtracingthedevelopmentofacontroversy

BdiscussingobstaclestoresolvingacontroversyCarguinginsupportofonesideinacontroversy

DanalyzingtheassumptionsunderlyingtheclaimsmadeinacontroversyEexplainingwhyevidencerelevanttoacontroversyhasbeenoverlooked

23.Theclaimofthe“othercommentators”(line5)suggeststhattheybelievewhichofthefollowingaboutNotre-Dame?

AItwastheinspirationformanyvaultedcathedralsbuiltinthethirteenthandfourteenthcenturies.BItsdesignflawswerenotapparentuntilflyingbuttresseswereaddedinthethirteenthorfourteenthcentury.

CItsflyingbuttressesareembellishedwithdecorationcharacteristicofthethirteenthandfourteenthcenturies.

DIthadbeenmodifiedinsomerespectsbeforeflyingbuttresseswereaddedinthethirteenthorfourteenthcentury.

EItwasoriginallyconstructedinanarchitecturalstylethatwasconsideredoutmodedbythethirteenthorfourteenthcentury.

24.Theauthor’sargumentconcerningNotre-Dame’sflyingbuttressesdependsonwhichofthefollowingassumptionsaboutthechoir’slowerflyers?

ATheyaccuratelyreproducethedecorationonthechoir’soriginallowerflyers.BTheyhaveatypeofdecorationusedexclusivelyforexteriorsurfaces.CTheywerethemodelsforthechoir’soriginalupperflyers.DTheywerethemodelsforthenave’soriginallowerflyers.ETheywereconstructedafterthenave’sflyerswereconstructed.Question25arebasedonthefollowingreadingpassage.

Theaveragetemperatureofthelobster-richwatersoffthecoastofFoerklandhasbeen

increasingforsomeyears.Inwarmerwater,lobstersgrowfaster.Inparticular,lobsterlarvaetakelesstimetoreachthesizeatwhichtheyarenolongervulnerabletopredationbyyoungcod,thechiefthreattotheirsurvival.Consequently,thesurvivalrateoflobsterlarvaemustbegoingup,andthelobsterpopulationinFoerkland’scoastalwatersisboundtoincrease.

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15

“如果你想做只有少数人才能做到的事情，那么你就得去学会承受大多数人所承受不了的痛苦和孤独...”--献给所有还在追梦的，考新GRE的童鞋们@维C上校（特种部队）---新浪微博

25.Whichofthefollowing,iftrue,mostseriouslyweakenstheargument?

AThereareindicationsthatinrecentyearsthefishingfleetoperatingoffthecoastofFoerklandhasbeentakingcodatanunsustainablyhighrate.

BTheincreaseinwatertemperaturesoffFoerklandhasnotbeenaspronouncedastheincreaseinaveragesoiltemperaturesinFoerkland.

CBecauseoftheirspeeded-upgrowth,lobstersnowgetlargeenoughtobelegalcatchbeforetheyreachreproductivematurity.

DEventhoughlobstersgrowfasterinwarmerwaters,warmerwatershavenoeffectonthemaximumsizetowhichalobstercaneventuallygrow.

ECodareacold-waterspecies,andtheincreasingwatertemperatureshavecausedanorthwardshiftinFoerkland’scodpopulation.

Thisistheendofsection49texstand10arebasedonthefollowingreadingpassage.TxtTxt935

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