75t循环流化床锅炉详细参数说明书

****************循环流化床锅炉采购项目投标文件

目 录

技术部分

一、太锅集团开发的低耗能CFB技术介绍········································································· 4 二、技术规范 ···················································································································· 9

1、总则························································································································ 9 2、货物需求一览表 ······································································································ 9 三、技术规格 ···················································································································10

1、锅炉安装条件·········································································································10 2、锅炉运行条件·········································································································10 3、锅炉主要技术数据··································································································10 4、技术部分内容·········································································································20 5、专题论述················································································································27 6、包装及运输 ············································································································37 7、验收和保管 ············································································································37 8、锅炉保证值条件 ···································································································37 四、供货范围 ···················································································································39

1、一般要求················································································································39 2、供货范围················································································································39 五、技术资料及交付进度··································································································42

1、投标书文件与图纸资料···························································································42 2、配合电站设计提供的资料与图纸·············································································42 六、设计说明书················································································································44

1、前言·······················································································································46 2、锅炉设计条件及性能数据 ·······················································································46 3、锅炉总体及系统 ·····································································································48 4、主要部件················································································································53 5、防磨措施················································································································57 6、密封·······················································································································57 7、严密性试验 ············································································································58 8、锅炉安装及运行要求 ······························································································58

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9、特别说明················································································································58 附：太锅集团75T/H产品图纸

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术 部 分

TGJT

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太原锅炉集团开发的低能耗循环流化床技术介绍

太锅集团和清华大学合作，深入分析了常规循环流化床锅炉面临的问题和挑战，提出了低能耗循环流化床锅炉设计理论和方法，形成了低能耗循环流化床锅炉全套设计导则，完成了低能耗循环流化床锅炉的产品结构设计，首台低能耗产品在山西离石大土河热电厂已运行两年，运行结果及测试数据均表明，低能耗能型循环流化床锅炉与常规产品比较：

节电30%以上 节煤3-6%

性能优异，可靠性高，连续运行时间为5000h,年运行时间8000h.

低能耗型循环流化床锅炉代表了流化床技术发展的最新方向，该技术在我公司75t/h级别、130t/h级别、220t/h级别以及更大容量循环流化床锅炉都得到了应用，显示出强大的技术优越性。 一、CFB锅炉面临的问题和对策

1.CFB锅炉三大突出优点

CFB锅炉相比煤粉炉而言，具有燃料适应性广、环保性能优异、负荷调节范围宽广三大突出优点，正是凭借这些技术优势，近二十年来，循环流化床燃烧技术得到飞速发展，在国内中小容量锅炉机组中取得了不可替代的市场地位，成为了国际上公认的商业化程度最好的洁净煤燃烧技术。

2.CFB锅炉面临的两大问题 2.1 可靠性

对于CFB锅炉运行的安全可靠性而言，尽管在解决了磨损、耐火材料、辅机系统三大问题后，CFB锅炉的可用率得到很大提高，但总体上与煤粉炉相比仍然有一定差距。

2.2 经济性

CFB锅炉运行的经济性与煤粉炉相比仍然有较大差距，如CFB锅炉煤耗高于煤粉炉1-3个百分点，厂用电率高于煤粉炉2-3个百分点。CFB锅炉主要辅机的功率比普通煤粉炉高出一倍多，使机组的厂用电率比较高，平均达到9％左右，这其中有锅炉本体结构设计方面的问题，同时也有系统布置复杂、辅机选配不合理方面的原因。

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3.CFB锅炉技术发展对策

3.1 CFB锅炉能否在以上两个方面特别是运行的经济性方面实现突破是国际循环流化燃烧技术的重大课题。CFB锅炉的理论研究和产品开发如果不能有所突破，CFB锅炉的发展将受到严峻挑战。

3.2 清华大学在总结了CFB锅炉设计理论的基础上提出了低能耗型CFB锅炉“定态设计”理论模型，从机理上阐明了解决循环流化床锅炉两大难题的技术方向及具体技术措施，形成了指导低能耗型循环流化床锅炉产品开发的全套设计导则及计算方法。

3.3 太锅集团应用低能耗型CFB锅炉设计导则和计算方法，开发出了75-480t/h节能型CFB锅炉系列产品，首台75t/h级别节能型产品已于2006年1月投入运行，并于2007年6月进行了详细的现场测试。测试数据表明：节能型CFB锅炉产品在运行的可靠性和经济性方面均实现了重大突破。 二、低能耗型CFB锅炉设计理论和方法

1. 低能耗型CFB锅炉理论基础

1.1 低能耗型CFB锅炉的技术优势就是节煤、节电和高可靠性，技术关键就是在低床压运行时，要维持炉膛物料浓度和流经分离器的循环物料量基本不变。对75t/h级别CFB锅炉而言，床压降降低到3kPa，不影响到锅炉的传热性能。

1.2 传统观念存在误区,认为：锅炉床压降的高低对循环量的影响很大，从而对炉内传热及锅炉负荷产生较大影响。实际上，床压降的提高对传热的贡献很小，而炉膛中下部物料浓度的增加必然带来磨损的加剧、风机电耗的增加等不利影响。

1.3 床存量降低后，二次风区域物料浓度降低，二次风穿透扰动效果增强，炉膛上部气固混合效果得以改进，提高了锅炉燃烧效率，降低了锅炉机组的供电煤耗。

1.4 床存量降低后，物料流化需要的动力减小，锅炉一、二次风机的压头降低，风机电耗下降，从而降低锅炉机组的厂用电率。

1.5 床存量降低后，炉膛下部物料浓度大幅度减小，从而可以减轻炉膛下部浓相区特别是防磨层与膜式壁交界处的磨损，提高锅炉机组的可用率

2. 低能耗型CFB锅炉流态确定

2.1 “定态设计”理论解决了开发低能耗型CFB锅炉的基础问题，即流态如何选择的问题，因为CFB锅炉技术研发一旦选定流态，有关床内物料质量、循环量、物料沿床高浓度分布、相应传热系数沿床高的分布、燃烧份额的分布等设计数据均需要从工程实践中逐步积累，并需要匹配相应的结构及辅机系统来保证，再更动流态十分困难。

2.2 低能耗型炉内流化状态在实际运行过程中具有可控性，当发生循环量或物料

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