(1) HCOOCH3 > CH3COOCH3 > CH3COOC2H5 > CH3COOCH(CH3)2 > CH3COOC(CH3)3
(2)ON2CO2CH3∨ClHCNCuCl2CO2CH3∨CH3OH , HH2SO4NaCN2OCO2CH3∨CH3OCO2CH3
13、(1)HC≡CH△CH2=CHCNCH2=CHCOOCH3
H3O△+CH3CH(CHH3O+3)COOH(2)CH3CH(OH)CHHBr3CH3CH(Br)CH3Mg干醚NaCNH3O△+CO2CH3CH(CH3)COOH
C6H5CH2COOHH3O+(3)C6H5CH3Cl2光C6H5CH2ClMg干醚Cl2PNaCNH3O△+CO2C6H5CH2COOH
(4)CH3CH2CH2COOHCH3CH2CH(COOH)+2
(5)CH2=CHHOBr2HOCH2CH2BrNaCNH3O△OHCH2CH2COOH
CH(OH)COOH(6)CH3OCHOHCNCH3OCH(OH)CNH3O+O2N
Br2P(7)CH2=CHC2H5OHH+HBr2CH3CH2BrNaCNH3O△+CH3CH2COOHCH3CH(Br)COOHH2OHClCH3CH(Br)COOC2H5Zn干醚CH3CH(ZnBr)COOC2H5CH3CH2CHO
H2OCH3CH(OH)CH(CHPCl53)COOH
H2Pd/BaSO34CH3CH2COOHOCH(8)COCHCH3CH2COClOCHCH3CH2CHO
3CH3H2OHClBrZnCH2COOC2H53CH3CCH2COOC2H5CH3COHCH2COOC2H5OZnBrCH3CH2OHBrCH2COOC[O]Zn干醚CH3COOHBrZnCHBr2PBrCH2COOHC2H5OHH+△2H52COOC2H5
- 21 -
(9)OBrZnCH2COOC2H5OZnBrCH2COOC2H5H2OHClH2OOHCH2COOH
14、从氯到两个羧基的距离不同,诱导效应也不同来解释。
15、(1)CH3CO2— 负离子的负电荷平均分配在两个碳原子上,而CH3CH2O— 负离子的负电荷定域在一个氧原子上,所以较不稳定,与质子作用的倾向较大。
(2)CH3CH2CH2CO2— > ClCH2CH2CO2—(由于Cl的诱导作用而较稳定) (3)ClCH2CH2CO2— > CH3CH(Cl)CO2— (Cl 靠近—CO2— 中心而较稳定) (4)FCH2CO2— > F2CHCO2— (含有两个氟原子) (5)CH3CH2CH2CO2> HC≡CCH 2CO2
—
—
(HC≡C—吸电子诱导效应)
16、10×1000×(183.5/1000)=1835克,需KOH 1.835千克 17、反应式略
(A)的结构式为:HOOCCH2CH(C2H5)CH2COOH (B)的结构式为:HOOCCH2CH(C2H5) COOH
18、(A)的结构式为:CH3COOCH=CH2 (B)的结构式为:CH2=CHCOOCH3
O19、(A)H3COO(B)CH2COOHCHCOOCCH32H5CH2COOC(C)CHCOOHCH32H5CH2COOC(D)CHCOOCCH32H52H5
20、(1)HCOOCH2CH2CH3 (2)CH3CH2COOCH3 (3)CH3COOCH2CH3
第十四章 β— 二羰基化合物
1、(1)2,2 -二甲基丙二酸 (2)2-乙基-3-丁酮酸乙酯 (3)2-氧代环己烷甲酸甲酯 (4)甲酰氯基乙酸 (5)3-丁酮酸(乙酰乙酸)
2、(1)环戊酮 (2)CH3COCH2CH2CH2COOH (3)CH3CH2CH2COOH 3、(1)加FeCl3/H2O CH3COCH(CH3)COOC2H5 有颜色反应. (2)加FeCl3/H2O CH3COCH2COOH有颜色反应. 4、(1)互变异构 (2)共振异构 (3)互变异构 5、
O(1)CH3CH2CCHCOOCCH32H5+C2H5OH(2)COCH(CHCOOC3)2H5+C2H5OH
2H52H5(3)H3CCHCOOCCOCOOC+C2H5OHO(5)CHO+C2H5OH
CH2(4)H2CCH2COCHCOOCCH22H5+C2H5OH
- 22 -
6、(1)CHOCHO;CHO
(2) C2H5ONa , CH3CH(Br)COOC2H5 , CH3COCH2CH(CH3)COOC2H5 (3) HOCH2CH2OH / 干HCl , CH3COCH2C(OH)(C6H5)2
(4)NaCH(COOC2H5)2,(C2H5OCO)2CCH2CH2COCH3HOOCCH,CH2CH2COCH3CH2HOOCCHCH2CH2CH(OH)CH3CH2OCH2,C6H5CH2OCH3
37、C6H5CH2COCH2C6H5NaOCH3-C6H5CHCOCH2C6H5CH2=CHCOCHCH2CH2C6H5CHCOCOCH2CH2NaOCH3CH2CH2OCH3C6H5CHCOCCHC6H5C6H5CHCOCH2CH3C6H5CH2CH2C6H5CHCOCCHC6H5OHCH3CHC6H5-CO-CH3CH3OH- H2O△CH2CH2C6H5CHCHOCC6H5CCH38、丙二酸酯合成:
CH3CH2OH[O]Cl2P① NaCN②H3O+2C3H5OHH+CH2(COOC2H5)2
NaBrH2SO4(1)CH3CH2OHNaBrH2SO2H5)24CH3CH2BrC2H5ONaCH3OHCH3BrCH2(COOC①C2H5ONa②CH3BrNaHC(COOC2H5)2C2H5BrC2H5CH(COOC2H5)2H+- CO△2H2OCH3CH2CH(CHO23)COOH
+(2)CH3CH2OHH△+CH2=CH2AgH2COCH2H3OCH3CH2OHNaBrH2SO4CH3CH2BrMg干醚CH3CH2MgBr
CH3CH2CH2CH2OHCH2(COOC2H5)2NaBrH2SOC2H5ONa4CH3CH2CH2CH2BrCH3CH2CH2CH2BrH+- CO△2H2OCH3CH2CH2CH2CH2COOH
- 23 -
(3)CH3CH2OHLiAlH4NaBrH2SO4CH3CH2BrH△+NaCNCH3CH2CNCH2=CHCHH+H2OBr2CH3CH2COOHCH3CH(Br)CH2BrCH3CH2CH2OH2C2H5ONa- H2O32Br2CH2(COOCH+2H5)22NaCH(COOC2H5)2CH3CH(Br)CH- CO2CH2CH2COOHH3CCHCH2COOHH2O△
1,2-二溴乙烷合成酮 (3).
(4)CH3CH2OH2CH2(COOCH△+- H2OCH2=CHBr22CH2BrCH2Br2H5)22Br2H5)22H5)22H5)22C2H5ONa2NaCH(COOCCH2BrCHCH2BrCH2BrCH2CH(COOCCH2CH(COOCC2H5OCO2C2H5ONaCOOCCOOC2H52H5H+- CO△2
C2H5OCOH2OHOOCCOOH
+(5) 1,2-二溴乙烷合成同 (4).
CH2(COOC2H5)22C2H5ONaCH2BrCH2BrCOOCCOOC2H52H5H- CO△2H2OCOOH
9、乙酰乙酸乙酯合成:
CH3CH2OH[O]CH3COOHNaBrH2SO4CH3CH2OHH+△CH3COOC2H5C2H5ONaH+CH3COCH2COOC2H5
(1)CH3CH2OHCH3COCHCH3CH2Br2H52COOC①C2H5ONa②C2H5Br①C2H5ONa②C2H5Br5%NaOHCH3CH2CH(C2H5)COCH3
(2)CH3OHNaBrH2SO4CH3Br2H5CH3COCH2COOC①C2H5ONa②CH3BrCl2P①C2H5ONa②CH3Br40%NaOH(CH3)2CHCOOH
(3)CH3CH2OH[O]CH3COOHClCH2COOHCH3CH2OHH+ClCH2COOC2H5CH3COCH2COOC2H5①C2H5ONa②ClCH2COOC2H55%NaOHCH3COCH2CH2COOH
- 24 -
(4)CH3CH2OHH+Br2- H2O2H5CH2BrCH2Br①2C2H5ONa5%NaOH2CH3COCH2COOC②CH2BrCH2BrCH3COCH2CH2CH2CH2COCH3
(5)MgCH3CH2OHNaBrCHH3CH2Br2MgBr2SOCH4干醚CH3CHCrO①CH3CH2MgBr3OH3 / 吡啶HCHOCH3CH2CH2OHH+②HBr3O+- H2OCH2HBr3CH=CH2光过氧化物BrCH2CH2CH2Br①2CCH2H5ONa%NaOH3COCH52COOC2H5CCH3②BrCH2CH2CH2BrO
10、该化合物为:CH3COCH2CH2COOH 反应式略。 11、A: CH3CH2COOC2H5 B: CH3CH2COCH(CH3)COOC2H5
C: C2H5COC(C2H5)(CH3)COOC2H5 D: CH3CH2COCH(CH3)CH2CH3
第十五章 硝基化合物和胺
1、 (1)2-甲基-3-硝基戊烷 (2)丙胺 (3)甲异丙胺 (4)N-乙基间甲苯胺
(5)对氨基二苯胺 (6)氢氧化三甲基异丙铵 (7)N-甲基苯磺酰胺 (8)氯化三甲基对溴苯铵 (9)对亚硝基-N,N-二甲基苯胺 (10)丙烯腈 2、
NHCOCH3CH3(1)(2)CH3NH2 ·HNC2SO4(3)2H5(4)NO2CH3CH2NH2(5)CH2CH2CH2NH2(6)CH2CH3NCNH(7)(8)N=C=O2CH2CH2NH2
3、(1) ① Ag(NH3)2OH ② CHCl3/KOH (异腈反应) ③NaHCO3 溶液
NH2(2)CH3√溶解SONaOH2ClNHCH3√H2O不溶解N(CH3)2×
(3) CHCl3/KOH (异腈反应)
(4) Br2/H2O (或用漂白粉溶液,苯胺显紫色) 4、
- 25 -
百度搜索“77cn”或“免费范文网”即可找到本站免费阅读全部范文。收藏本站方便下次阅读,免费范文网,提供经典小说综合文库徐寿昌编《有机化学》第二版习题解答[1](5)在线全文阅读。
相关推荐: