大学应用型综合教程3unit7 - 图文(6)

固执己见

She has always maintained her innocence. 她一直坚持说自己是无辜的。

moderately

ad. reasonably 适度地

Phrases and Expressions

mental health

the psychological state of someone who is functioning at a satisfactory level of emotional and behavioral adjustment 心理健康

Keeping your body in shape is beneficial to mental health. 保持体型有利于心理健康。

play a role in sth. 在……中起作用

define…as 把……定义为

In 1996, one would probably define \在1996年，要为“新经济”作一个定义，那就是新经济是以科技为动力的经济。

Can you define the word \你能把“毫无疑问的”这个词定义为“肯定的”吗？

take sth. in stride 从容处理，泰然处之

The examination is not difficult; any average pupil should be able to take it in stride. 考试并不难，任何一个中等水平的学生都应该能毫不费力地应付得了。

I told her what had happened and she took it all in her stride. 我告诉她发生的事，她丝毫不动声色。

Notes to the Passage

1. How we look at things and how we lead our lives is a major determining factor on our mental health. 我们如何

看待事物、如何生活是决定我们精神健康的主要因素。 factor: n. [C] 因素，要素

e.g. Industry and modesty are the chief factors of his success.

Man is the most decisive factor in productive forces.

2. Apart from that, our past life and other physical factors as well as environment play a significant role in shaping

our mental health. 此外，我们过去的生活、其他物质因素以及环境对我们的精神健康也起着重要作用。 physical: a.1) 物质的

e.g. No one knows how large the physical universe is. 2) 身体的，肉体的

e.g. Her spiritual beauty outshone her physical beauty.

3. Good mental health is defined as a person?s ability to perform all his/her duties and fulfill a number of tasks,

functions, and activities of his/her daily routine life. 精神健康可定义为一个人能履行他或她的义务，完成其日常生活中的诸多任务、职责和活动。 define: vt. 解析，给??下定义 e.g. Please define the words.

Some words are hard to define because they have many different uses. define…as: 把??定义为

e.g. In 1996, one would probably define “new economy” as an economy powered by technology.

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Can you define the word “unquestionable” as “certain”?

4. The mere absence of mental problems does not comprise good mental health. 仅仅没有精神问题不能算精神

健康。

absence: n. [U] 缺乏，不存在

e.g. A major problem is the absence of water.

absence of affectation or pretense comprise: vt. 组成，构成

e.g. Twenty chapters comprise Book One.

Twelve departments comprise this university.

5. Good mental health also means that one does not let these problems and tribulations overcome the brain

processes. 精神健康还意味着，这些问题和痛苦不能压倒大脑活动。 tribulation: n. [C, U] 忧患，苦难，痛苦

e.g. After many trials and tribulations, we finally reached our destination.

6. Good mental health can be maintained by living a stress-free life. A life which has its share of problems and

worries yet enables one to take them in stride and live a normal and adjusted life. 过着无压力的生活可以保持良好的精神健康。这样的生活即使出现问题或困扰，也能使人们从容应对，过着正常的生活。 maintain: vt./vi. 1) 维持，保持

e.g. The two countries have maintained friendly relations for many years.

We shall maintain close ties with the masses. 2) 维修，保养

e.g. The house is large and difficult to maintain. 3) 坚持意见，固执己见

e.g. She has always maintained her innocence. take sth. in stride: 从容处理，泰然处之

e.g. The examination is not difficult; any average pupil should be able to take it in stride.

I told her what had happened and she took it all in her stride.

2. Pair work: are you more optimistic than pessimistic?

Work with a partner to ask and answer the questions in a questionnaire about optimism. Ask your partner to give his/her reason(s). You may give a third answer if you don't agree with either of the given options.

1. You got an \(A)

错误！未找到引用源。A. Wow! I'm smart. 错误！未找到引用源。B. Wow! I was prepared. 错误！未找到引用源。C. ...

2. You get a speeding ticket and you left your wallet at home. You think: (B)

错误！未找到引用源。A. I'm so unlucky.

错误！未找到引用源。B. I must be more careful next time. 错误！未找到引用源。C. ...

3. Someone pushes you on the bus. You think: (B)

错误！未找到引用源。A. People are so rude!

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错误！未找到引用源。B. That person must be having a bad day. 错误！未找到引用源。C. ...

4. A stranger on the street compliments you on your outfit (全套服饰). You think: (B)

错误！未找到引用源。A. I must be wearing a nice outfit today. 错误！未找到引用源。B. I must have good fashion sense. 错误！未找到引用源。C. ...

5. You find a dollar on the street. You think: (B)

错误！未找到引用源。A. Yep! How lucky!

错误！未找到引用源。B. Hey, I'm pretty observant (机警的)! 错误！未找到引用源。C. ...

3. Text: Temple Treatment for Psychiatric Illness Temple Treatment for Psychiatric Illness 用于精神病治疗的庙宇治疗法 1 A six-week stay at a Hindu temple in Tamil Nadu can produce 1 印度的研究员声称，患有严重精神紊乱的the same improvement in people with severe psychiatric 人在泰米尔纳德邦的印度庙宇里呆上6周，相当于一个月的标准药disorders as a month-long course of standard drugs, say 病情得到改善的程度，researchers in India. 物治疗疗程。 2 A team led by Ramanathan Raguram of the National Institute 2 在班加罗尔由国家心理健康和神经科学学of Mental Health and Neurosciences in Bangalore studied all 31 院的拉马纳坦?拉古兰姆领导的团队研究了前people who came for help and stayed at the Muthuswamy 来求助的31名患者。这些患者于2000年6Temple between June and August 2000. 月至8月一直呆在穆都斯瓦米庙里。 3 The patients were evaluated by a trained psychiatrist. Six were 3 患者由一位训练有素的精神病专家评估。6diagnosed with delusional disorders, 23 with paranoid 名患者被诊断为患有妄想型精神紊乱症，23schizophrenia and two with bipolar disorder. At the end of their 名患有妄想型精神分裂症，还有2名患有躁在这些患者离开之前，他们stays, their scores on a test called the Brief Psychiatric Rating 狂抑郁性精神病。Scale had improved by an average of nearly 20 per cent. 在简明精神病评定量表测试中的分数平均改4 No specific rituals or ceremonies intended to improve mental 善了近20个百分点。 health were performed in the temple. The patients attended a 4 庙宇里没有为改善精神健康而举行特别的simple morning prayer for 15 minutes, and then spent the rest of 宗教仪式。患者每天上午参加15分钟的简单the day helping out with routine temple work. 祷告，然后在剩余的时间里帮忙做些庙宇的日5 \they were given is tender loving care, in a 常工作。 “他们所得到的是亲切的关爱，non-threatening environment, in tune with their own cultural 5 拉古兰姆说：和他们自己的文化beliefs, with the hope of recovery,\在一个没有威胁的环境里，并且满怀康复的期望。在精神病治history of psychiatry, these were the principles on which asylums 信仰协调，were originally built.\ Curative powers 疗史上，这些原本都是建立精神病院的原则。”治疗的力量 6 In India, many mentally ill people of all faiths visit religious 6 在印度，很多持不同信仰的精神病患者都穆都斯瓦sites renowned for having curative powers. The Muthuswamy 会到以治疗能力而闻名的宗教圣地。他生活在一个世纪Temple is built over the tomb of a man who lived a century ago 米庙建在一个人的墓地上，and who, according to legend, could cure mental illnesses with a 以前，传说他只需用手一点，便能手到病除。并提供无偿服touch of his hand. His descendants now run the temple and offer 现在他的后人管理着这座庙宇，its services for free. - 28 -

务。 7 The 31 patients had been suffering for an average of 71 weeks. 7 31位患者平均患病71周。仅有一人接受Only one had received any professional care. 过专业治疗。 8 \dramatic improvement in test scores matches those 8 拉古兰姆说：“测试分数显示他们的病情得expected within four weeks of administering drugs such as 到了极大的改善，与服用4周的药物如氯丙这是我们始chlorpromazine and risperidone,\嗪和利哌利酮所期望的效果相同。really prepared for it.\ Complementary approach 料未及的。” 辅助疗法 9 An expert on mental disorders at the University of Western 9 珀斯城西澳大学的一位精神紊乱研究专家这样的发现不是印度或是任何特殊的信Australia, Perth, points out that such findings are not specific to 指出，India, or any particular faith. \example, a 'treatment 仰所特有的。他说：“例如，穆都斯瓦米庙的protocol' in many ways similar to the healing temple of 庙宇疗法和尼日利亚的一个叫阿罗的村庄的Muthuswamy has been practised at the traditional therapeutic 传统?治疗仪式?非常相似。” village of Aro in Nigeria.\ complementary to other approaches, and not an alternative. 10 但是他提醒道，这样的治疗方法应被看作11 拉古兰姆承认他的研究中存在一个问题10 But he cautions that such treatments should be considered as 是对其他治疗方法的补充，而不是替代。 11 Raguram admits one problem with the study—there were no ——没有对照组。他说：“要证明治疗效果，但在这种背景下操controls. \prove the efficacy we need double-blind control 就必须进行双盲对照研究，studies, which is very difficult to conduct in such settings,\作是很困难的。” says. New Words

psychiatric

a. relating to mental illness or psychiatry 精神病的；精神病学的 The patient was taken to a psychiatric hospital. 病人被送到精神病院。 Hindu a. 印度教的

disorder

n. 1) [C, U] a mental or physical illness which prevents part of your body from working properly 紊乱，失调 He's suffering from severe mental disorder. 他患有严重的精神病。 n. 2) [U] a lack of order or organization 混乱，凌乱

When returning home, he discovered the room was in disorder. 回家后, 他发现屋子里乱七八糟。

neuroscience

n. [U] the scientific study of the nervous system 神经科学

psychiatrist

n. [C] a doctor who studies and treats mental illnesses 精神病学家，精神科医生

delusional （医）妄想的

delusional type妄想型； delusional idea妄想观念；

delusional interpretation 妄想性解释

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paranoid

a. 1) suffering from a mental illness in which you wrongly believe that other people are trying to harm you or that you are very important 患偏执症的；有妄想狂的 paranoid delusions 偏执妄想； a paranoid killer 偏执型杀人凶手 a. 2) 多疑的，恐惧的

My father is paranoid about being robbed. 我父亲总是疑神疑鬼怕被人抢劫。

schizophrenia n. [U] 精神分裂症 bipolar

a. （精神病）具躁狂和抑郁交替发生特征的，双相型障碍的 ritual

n. [C, U] a ceremony that is always performed in the same way, esp. as part of a religious ceremony 宗教仪式；礼节，仪规

Many of the tribe's customs and rituals are as old as the hills. 这个部落的许多风俗、仪式都极其古老。

psychiatry

n. [U] the study and treatment of mental illness 精神病治疗；精神病学

principle

n. [C] a belief that is accepted as a reason for acting or thinking in a particular way 观念，理由，信条 Each side declared that it would never abandon its principle. 各方都说绝不放弃自己的原则。

asylum

n. 1) [C] a hospital where people who were mentally ill could be cared for, often for a long time 精神病院 She became so unmanageable; she was committed to an asylum. 她变得如此不可理喻，被送进精神病院。 n. 2) [U] （政治）庇护，避难

Everyone has the right to seek and to enjoy in other countries asylum from persecution. 人人有权在其他国家寻求和享受庇护，以避免迫害。

curative

a. able to cure illnesses 能治病的，有疗效的

religious

a. 1) concerned with sacred matters or religion 宗教的 That's a religious question. 那是个宗教问题。

a. 2) believing strongly in the existence of a god or gods 笃信宗教的，虔诚的

She is a very religious person who goes to church every Sunday. 她十分虔诚, 每星期都去教堂。

renowned

a. widely known and esteemed 有名的，享有声誉的

He is one of the world's renowned writers. 他是世界上知名的作家之一。 tomb - 30 -

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