大学应用型综合教程3unit7 - 图文(3)

Bright's disease 布赖特氏病（肾小球肾炎）

Notes to Para. 1

1. A Victim of 107 Fatal Maladies 一个身患107种致命疾病的患者

victim: n. 1) [C] 受害者，牺牲者

e.g. Most of the victims were shot in the back while trying to run away.

The victim of the accident was taken to hospital. 2) [C] 受骗者，上当的人

e.g. They were the victims of a cruel hoax.

Note the use of different prepositions in the two expressions: to is preferred in “fall a victim to …” while of is more common in “become the victim of …”. fatal: a. 1) 致命的

e.g. Her children?s death is a fatal blow on her. 2) 灾难性的，毁灭性的

e.g. Graf made a fatal mistake halfway through the match. Synonym: deadly

2. It is a most extraordinary thing, but I never read a patent medicine advertisement without being forced to draw

the conclusion that I am suffering from the particular disease said in the ad and dealt with in its most deadly form. 此事绝对非同小可，只要我一看到专利药品的广告，就会不自觉地得出结论: 我患上了广告中所说的疾病，并且已经病入膏肓。

Meaning: The serious matter is that whenever I read an ad about some patent medicine, I will conclude in spite of myself that I am suffering from the worst or most deadly form of the disease described in the ad.

Note that never…without in this sentence constitutes double negation (双重否定). As a matter of fact, double negation expresses an affirmative statement, which is usually translated as “没有??不??”；“每一次??都??”.

e.g. I never see him without feeling like crying.

He never visits me without asking about our old friends.

Also note that the clause “…that I am suffering from the particular disease said in the ad and dealt with in its most deadly form” is an appositive clause to the noun conclusion. patent: a. 专利生产的；专利经销的 e.g. Try some of this new patent medicine. n. [C, U] 专利权；专利证书

e.g. Did you take out a patent on your design?

The patent for this typewriter was issued in 1714.

3. The diagnosis seems in every case to correspond exactly with all the sensations that I have ever felt. 诊断结果

似乎在各方面也都和我所感觉的完全一致。

Meaning: All the symptoms I have got have confirmed every detail of the medical examination. correspond: vi. 1) 相一致，符合

e.g. I assure you my actions will correspond with my words. 2) 类似于，相当于

e.g. Our arms correspond to the wings of a bird. 3) 通信

e.g. Have you been corresponding with him? sensation: n. 1) [C] 感觉，知觉

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e.g. I had a sensation of falling, as if in a dream. 2) [U] 感觉能力，知觉能力

e.g. He lost all sensation in his legs through cramp.

Notes to Para. 2

4. I remember going to the British Museum one day to read up on the treatment for some slight ailment of which I

had a touch—hay fever, I fancy it was. 记得有一次，我患上了某种小毛病（我猜可能是花粉热），于是便去大英博物馆专门查阅它的治疗方法。 read up: 攻读，专研

e.g. Before trying to tackle his homework he read up the notes he had taken at the lecture. ailment: [C] 小病，微恙

e.g. His ailments include a mild heart attack and stomach trouble. a touch of sth.: 一点儿，少许 e.g. Add a touch of vinegar.

Your throat is quite swollen. You have a touch of flu.

5. I got down the book, and read all I came to read; and then, in an unthinking moment, I idly turned the leaves,

and began to lazily study diseases, generally. 我取下书来，阅读了所有我打算查阅的内容。然后，我漫不经心地翻着书，开始懒洋洋地研究起疾病来。 idly: ad. 毫无目的地，漫不经心地

e.g. He was idly turning the pages of a magazine.

Don?t just sit idly by while other children are busy. Note that idly is derived from its corresponding adjective idle.

6. I forget which was the first disease I plunged into—some fearful, devastating scourge, I know—and, before I

had glanced half down the list of “warning symptoms”, it was borne in upon me that I had fairly got it. 我忘记了哪种疾病是第一个冒出来的，只知道是一种可怕的，令人震惊的灾祸。而在我还没有看完所列“症状”的一半时，就意识到我很可能得了这种病。 plunge: vi./vt. 陷入

e.g. The country plunged deeper into recession.

The news plunged them into deep depression. devastating: a. 1) 令人震惊的，骇人的 e.g. the devastating news of a plane crash 2) 破坏性极大的，毁灭性的

e.g. It is the most devastating storm in 20 years. scourge: n. [C, usu. sing] 祸害，灾害

e.g. After the scourge of war came the scourge of disease.

The new boss was the scourge of the inefficient. be borne in upon sb.:（逐渐）被认识到

e.g. It has been borne in upon him that even sages err.

It was borne in upon us how close we had been to disaster.

Note the difference between borne and born as the past participle of bear in the sense of “to give birth to”.

Notes to Para. 3

7. I sat for a while, frozen with horror; and then, in the listlessness of despair, I again turned over the pages. 我吓

得怔住了，坐了一会。然后，在绝望的倦怠中，我又翻过几页。

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listlessness: n. [U] 倦怠，无精打采，百无聊赖

e.g. In listlessness I leant my head against the window.

8. —wondered what else I had got; turned up St. Vitus?s Dance—found, as I expected, that I had that too—began to

get interested in my case, and determined to examine it thoroughly, and so started alphabetically—read up on fever, and learnt that I was sickening for it, and that the acute stage would commence in about another fortnight. 我想知道自己还患有什么病，于是继续往下翻，翻到了圣维特斯舞蹈病，发现正如我预料，我也患上了此病。我开始对自己的病有了兴趣，决定细查到底，因此我开始按字母顺序查阅，看完了热病部分，得知我患有此病，而且两星期后病情将转入急性期。 alphabetically: ad. 按字母顺序地

e.g. He spelt all the nations of Africa running alphabetically from Algeria to Zaire. sicken: vi./vt. 1) 生病，患病

e.g. The animal began to sicken and soon died.

The child is sickening for the measles. 2) 使大为震惊；使愤怒

e.g. His manner of talking sickens us.

Their business methods sicken me.

Note the verb sicken is derived from sick. It is formed with “sick+-en”. Such structures are as follows: dark (a. 黑暗的，暗的)→ darken (v. <使>变暗，<使>变黑)

light (a. 轻的，发光的，明亮的) → lighten (v. 减轻， <使>轻松，<使>发亮) acute: a. 1) 十分严重的 2) 急性的

e.g. acute appendicitis commence: vi./vt. 开始，着手

e.g. The project will commence in November 2010 and be completed in October 2012.

After the election the new government commenced developing the roads. begin, commence, start, embark这组词都有“开始”的意思。

begin“开始”，为一般用语；commence“开始，着手”，为正式用语；start强调“做某件事的第一步”；embark“着手，从事”，常需与on, upon等介词连用。 fortnight: n. [C, usu. sing.] 两星期，十四天 e.g. I?m going away for a fortnight?s holiday.

9. Bright?s disease, I was relieved to find, I had only in a modified form, and, so far as that was concerned, I might

live for years. 令我宽慰的是，看完布赖特氏病（肾小球肾炎）部分后，我发觉自己只是患上了布赖特氏病的变种，就此而言，我还可能活几年。

Meaning: I was relieved to find that I was just suffering from a variant of Bright?s disease. I might live for quite a long time if the impact of only this disease upon my health was taken into account. modified: a. 改良的，改进的 e.g. a modified style of architecture

10. I read conscientiously through the twenty-six letters, and the only malady I could conclude I had not got was

housemaid?s knee. 我认认真真地按26个字母的顺序读完了所有的疾病，得出的结论是：我唯一没患的是髌前囊炎（女佣膝）。

Meaning: I read carefully all the diseases ranging from A to Z, and my search ended in the conclusion that I suffered all kinds of diseases except the housemaid?s knee. conscientiously: ad. 认真负责地，一丝不苟地 e.g. We should do this work conscientiously.

Conscientiously is derived from its corresponding adjective conscientious meaning “thorough and assiduous (负

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e.g. There?s an acute shortage of water.

责的，谨慎的，认真的). e.g. a conscientious worker

Conscientious also means “guided by or in accordance with the dictates of conscience; principled (本着良心的；有原则的)”.

e.g. a conscientious decision to speak out about injustice

Notes to Para. 4

11. I felt rather hurt about this at first; it seemed somehow to be a sort of slight. Why hadn?t I got housemaid?s knee?

Why this unpleasant reservation? After a while, however, less grasping feelings prevailed. 一开始我有点不高兴；不管怎么说，这看起来是一种冷落。为什么我没有患髌滑囊炎？为什么就单单漏了这个病呢？不过，过了一会儿，我就不那么贪心了。

Note that slight is a noun meaning “an act of slighting; insult (轻蔑，忽视；冷落，冒犯)”. e.g. an unintended slight

I?m afraid he took your remarks as a slight on his work. grasping: a. 贪心的，贪婪的

e.g. Don?t let those grasping taxi drivers charge you too much. prevail: vi./vt. 1) 战胜，占优势，获胜 e.g. Truth will prevail.

Justice has prevailed; the guilty man has been punished. 2) 盛行，流行

e.g. Belief in magic still prevails in some rural parts of the country.

12. Gout, in its most malignant stage, it would appear, had seized me without my being aware of it; and zymosis I

had evidently been suffering with from boyhood. 看来在我没有意识到的时候，就已经患上了痛风，而且还可能处在其最恶性的阶段。显然我童年时就患上了发酵病。

Meaning: It seemed that I had suffered from gout attacks even before I realized it and now this malady had already reached its worst phase. As for zymosis, I had had it since my childhood. malignant: a. 1) 恶性的 2) 恶意的，恶毒的

e.g. He advanced towards them with a malignant look. Antonym: innocent (良性的) evidently: ad. 明显地，显然

e.g. Evidently, he has fallen in love with Miss Green.

He had evidently returned to the spot of the crime.

13. There were no more diseases after zymosis, so I concluded there was nothing else the matter with me. 发酵

病是这本书上最后一种疾病，所以我推断我再没其他毛病了。

Note that since zymosis (发酵病) begins with the letter z which comes last in the English Alphabetical order, presumably there will be no more diseases after this one. nothing (something) the matter with…: 无（有）毛病、事情

e.g. The doctor examined the boy and found there was nothing the matter with him.

There?s nothing the matter with him; he is just pretending.

e.g. He died of a malignant tumor.

Notes to Para. 5

14. I sat and pondered. I thought what an interesting case I must be from a medical point of view, what an

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acquisition I should be to a class! 我坐在那里，陷入了沉思。我想从医疗的角度来看，我是一个多么有趣的案例啊。对于课堂教学，我是多么难得啊。 ponder: vi./vt. 考虑，沉思

e.g. She pondered his marriage proposal for weeks.

These are words for you gentlemen to digest and ponder. acquisition: n. [C]（多指贵重的）购得物 e.g. He is a valuable acquisition to our firm.

15. Students would have no need to “walk the hospitals”, if they had me. I was a hospital in myself. All they need

do would be to walk round me, and, after that, take their diploma. 有我的话，学生就不需要去当“实习医生”。我自己就是医院。他们只需围着我研究，然后，去拿他们的文凭。

Meaning: Students didn?t have to take the trouble to practice in the hospital; instead, with me serving as sort of a hospital, what they need to do was to gather around me to study all the diseases in me. Afterwards, they will be able to graduate with their diploma. walk the hospitals: 当实习医生

e.g. You have to walk the hospitals for a time as part of your medical course．

Medical students are required to walk the hospitals for a period of time before their graduation. diploma: n. [C] 毕业文凭，学位证书

e.g. She gained a diploma in Business Administration.

She worked hard to earn her music diploma.

Related words: college equivalency大学同等学历；degree学位；doctoral degree / Ph.D. degree 博士学位；dropout辍学

Notes to Paras. 6-7

16. Then I wondered how long I had to live. I tried to examine myself. I felt my pulse. I could not at first feel any

pulse at all. 接着，我开始想我还能活多久。我试着给自己做检查。我给自己把脉，一开始我丝毫感觉不到脉动。

pulse: n. [C, usu. sing.] 脉搏 e.g. Fear quickened her pulse.

His pulse beat slowly.

17. Then, all of a sudden, it seemed to start off. I pulled out my watch and timed it. I made it a hundred and

forty-seven to the minute. 然后，我的脉搏好像突然跳动了。于是，我摘下手表开始计时数脉。我测出来脉搏一分钟跳动147下。

all of a sudden: 突然地, 突如其来地, 猛然地

e.g. He was writing his essay when, all of a sudden, he was seized with giddiness.

Also note that time is used as a verb meaning “to measure how long something takes (计时；测量某事所用时间)”.

e.g. The teacher timed all the boys to see who could run the fastest.

18. I have since been induced to come to the opinion that it must have been there all the time, and must have been

beating, but I cannot account for it. 我曾被诱导地认为我的心脏一直在那里，应该一直在跳动，但我无法解释现在为什么感觉不到它。

Meaning: After that I was led to the conclusion that my heart must always have been in that spot and kept beating there, but I could not explain the strange phenomenon that I couldn?t feel its existence just then. induce: vt. 1) 诱使，劝说

e.g. We induced him to come with us. 2) 引起，导致

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