初中英语语法总复习(4)

本身有一定的意义，但不能独立作She can speak English . 谓语，只能和主要动词一起构成谓Can, may, must, May I speak to Ann, 情态动词（Modal Verbs） 语动词，表示说话人的语气和情should, need, dear, please、 态。情态动词没有人称和数的变shall, will, have to … We must go now . 化。 注：动词（除情态动词，只有原形和过去式）有原形、第三人称单数、动词－ing、动词过去式、动词过去分词五种形式。（八）介词

1．介词的种类：

○1 简单介词：in, at, of, from, since, around, to … ○2 合成介词：onto, into, without, upon, within … ○3 短语介词：because of, in front of, according to … ○4 分词介词：regarding, following, concerning … 2．介词短语在句子中的作用：

○1 作定语。I know the answer to the question .

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○2 作状语。The children are playing basketball in the playground . ○3 作表语。Mike is in the classroom .

○4 作宾语补足语。He found himself in the middle of the river . ○5 作主语补足语。Tom was seen inside the cinema . 3．常用介词的基本用法：

○1 表示时间的介词（at, in, on, for, since, after, by, during, before, from, to, until, within …） ○2 表示位置，方位的介词（in, at, on, to …） ○3 表示交通方式的常用介词（by, on, in …）

○4 其他一些词组搭配介词（be angry with/at/about sb/sth . be strict with/in/ sb/sth …）

（九）连词

1．并列连词：

○1 表联合关系连词。（and, or, but, for, not only…but also, as well as, both…and…, neither…nor .） ○2 转折连词。（but, while, yet, however .）

○3 选择连词。（or, or else, either…or…, otherwise .）

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2．从属连词：

○1 引导主语从句、宾语从句和表语从句的连用，主要有三个：that, whether, if . I hear that he is a student . ○2 引导状语从句的从属连词：

A． 连接时间状语从句：when, before, after, while, as soon as, since, until, as, whenever, ever since … B． 连接让步状语从句：although, though, even if, however … C． 连接原因状语从句：as, because, since, now that, for … D． 连接目的状语从句：that, so that, in order that … E． 连接条件状语从句：if, unless, once, in case … F． 连接结果状语从句：so…that, such…that … G． 连接方式状语从句：as, as if, as though … H． 连接地点状语从句：where .

I． 连接比较状语从句：as, as…as, not as/so …as, than …

（十）非谓语动词

1．定义：动词除在句子中作谓语以外，还具有名词、形容词及副词的性质，在句中可作主语、表语、宾语、定语、状语和补语等，

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这就是动词的非谓语动词。可分为三种：动词不定式、分词和动名词。

2．动词不定式：to ＋ 动词原形（在某些情况下可以不带to ）。（没有人称和数的变化，可以有自己的宾语和状语，可以有时态

前就发生)

和语态的变化）

1 一般式：主动语态：to do , 被动语态：to be + 动词过去分词 (表示动作或状态与谓语动词的动作或状态同时发生或之

后发生)

2 进行式：主动语态：to be doing , 被动语态：无 (表示动作或状态与谓语动词的动作或状态同时发生)

3 完成式：主动语态：to have +动词过去分词，被动语态：to have been +动词过去分词 (表示动作或状态在谓语动作之4 用法：

A． 作主语：To learn a foreign language is not easy . = It’s not easy to learn a foreign language . B． 作表语：The most important thing is to finish the work on time . C． 作宾语：

a. 动词＋to do . He decided to buy a new watch . (agree, choose, want, hope, like, wish, learn, love, plan, try, start, afford …)

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○ ○ ○ ○

b. 动词＋疑问词＋to do I don’t know where to put the bike .

c. 动词＋形式宾语(it)＋宾补＋to do I find it important to learn a second foreign language . D． 作补语：

a. 动词＋宾语＋to do Tom asked me to show him the new shoes . (tell, wish, ask, want, like, beg, invite, allow, encourage…)

b. 动词＋宾语＋不带to的动词 He often saw Tom play football .(see, hear, feel, watch, notice, have, make, let…)

E． 作状语：

a. 表示目的：He went to Guangzhou to see his sons . He got up early in order to catch the first bus . b. 表示结果：He is too tired to walk any farther . They aren’t old enough to go to school . c. 表示原因：He is sorry to hear that . I am glad to see you .

F．作定语： I have something to tell you . I want to buy something to eat . ○5 动词不定式to 的省略：

A． 在感官动词feel, hear, see, watch, notice 及使役动词have, let, make等后面要省to，但在变被动语态时要还原不

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