情态动词详解及相关高考练习题(3)

May/ might+动词原形仅表示对现在或将来的猜测；may/ might + have + done表．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．示对过去发生的行为的推测，含有也许的意思，其中，might对推测的把握比．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．may．．．更小一些，might have done还可表示“过去本应发生某事，但说话者确实知道该事．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．并未发生”，因而有时含有批评、责备的意思，即虚拟语气中。 ．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．． He might have given you more help, even though he was very busy. ．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．． 他本可以给你更多帮助的，尽管他当时很忙。 ．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．

（三）、may与表示“可能”的区别 ．．．．．．．．can．．．．．．．．．．．． A. may表示实际的、马上能应验的可能性；can表示理论上的、按．．在肯定句中，．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．常情推断的、抽象的可能性。 ．．．．．．．．．．．．． ．I may fly to Amesterdan next week. ．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．

One can travel to Holland by boat, by hovercraft, or by air. ．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．

B. may not也许不（推断时不太有把握）can not不可能（推断时很．．在否定句中，．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．有把握）。 ．．．．．

She may not be at home. = It is possible that she is not at home. ．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．． She can’．t be at home. ．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．． = It is not possible that she is at home.．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．

C. may表示可能性时不用于疑问句，要用别的词替代。 ．．在疑问句中，．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．． May I rain tonight? (错) ．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．． Can it possibly rain tonight? (对) ．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．． ．Is it likely to rain tonight? ．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．． （对）．．．

（四）、may / might ．．．．．．．．．．．．． Might 的过去时形式，可表示过去时间。但是，might 的最．．．．．从构成看是．．．．．may．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．

常用法是作的替换词，既可表示现在时间，也表示将来时间，但是，在现．．．．．may．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．

代英语中，这种区别日趋消失。如：You may be wrong.和might be wrong.．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．You ．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．之间只有很少或者根本没有区别。 ．．．．．．．．．．．．．．． （五）、may well / may as well ．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．

May(might) (might) ．．．．．．．．．．as ．．well．．．．与．may ．．．．．．．．．．well ．．．．的．含．义．是．完．全．不．同．的．。．

May(might)well may (might) as well则是表示．．．．．．．．．．．．．．确实可以用来表示可能性。但是，．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．

非常强烈的意愿的一种方式，其含义相当于 常常．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．had better, ．．．．．．．．．．但比后者弱得多，．．．．．．．．．．表示“勉强”、“无奈”。一般为“最好”、“不妨”等。 ．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．． 1. Friendship is a vase, which, if is cracked by accident, may be broken at ．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．as well ．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．once. ．．．．．

友谊好比花瓶，偶然发生裂痕，还是立刻中断地好。 ．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．

2. It may well be true. ．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．这很可能是真实的。．．．．．．．．． （六）May I ---? / Shall I ---? ．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．

前者表示说话人有某种意图，请求对方同意自己的意图。后者则用于询问．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．人是否要求自己去做某事，即用于询问听话人的意愿。 ．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．． 1. May I come in ? ．．．．．．．．．．．．． 2. Shall I come in? ．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．

．(七) may not / can’．t / mustn’．t ．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．

May not有两种用法和含义。 May作“允许”解的情况下，not是否定情态．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．

动词本身的。May not = May作“可能”、“也许”解的．．may．．．．．．．．．．．．．．不允许、不可以。．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．

情况下，not May not = 可能不（也许不）。千万．．．．．．．所否定的是其后的实义动词。．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．不要理解为“不可能”。但是，may not + may not “可能不”解。．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．完成式，．．．．．．．．．．只能作．．．．．．．．．．回答含的疑问句通常有两种形式：may not ’．t, ．．．may．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．和．mustn．．．．．．．只是后者比前者的．．．．．．．．否定语气更重。 ．．．．．．．

1. Dogs may not be taken into these carriages. ．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．

2. Professor Martin’s report suggests that it may not be good for children to change ．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．schools too often. ．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．． 3. You can’．t be serious. ．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．

4. “ May I smoke here?” “No, you mustn’．t.” ．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．． ．(八)、对I ---?这类问句作回答 ．．．．may ．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．

肯定回答除了用之外，还有更温和的回答方式：Yes, please.．．．．．．．Yes, you may．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．

在作否定回答时，除了’．t.之外，还有更有礼貌的．．．．．．．．．．No, you may not. No, you mustn．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．回答:方式：I am sorry. I’d rather you didn’．t. I am afraid not. You’d better not. ．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．用．No, ．．．you may not No, you mustn’．t这种口气比较强硬，所以常常用温和的、比较有．．．．．．．．．或．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．礼貌的表达方式来替代。 ．．．．．．．．．．．

九、shall ．．．．．．．( 一)、 shall/ will ．．．．．．．．．．．．．．

Shall与都表示将要，按照英国英语传统用法，第一人称（．I．, we）用shall．．．．．．will．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．

构成一般将来时，其他人称则用构成一般将来时。但是，在美国英语中，．．．．．．．．．．．．．．will．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．

will用于构成所有人称的一般将来时。 ．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．（二）、shall I / may I ．．．．．．．．．．．．．．． 疑问句I 主要用于向对方提出建议或征求对方的同意；而I 仅表示．．．shall ．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．may ．．．．．．．

恭敬、客气地请求别人允许或答复。 ．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．． 1. Shall I open the window for you? ．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．． 2. May I borrow your umbrella (please)? ．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．

(三)、shall表意志、意愿、承诺等 ．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．． 在陈诉句中，shall．．．．．．．．．．．用于第二、三人称时通常表示说话人的意志、意愿、承．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．诺、指示或命令，如例， shall还用于表示必须遵守法律、规章的规定。后一．．．．．．．．．．1．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．种用法的相当于 ．．．．shall．．．．．．．．must, is (are) to, ．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．如例．．2． 1. You shall have a car for your birthday. ．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．． 2. Each competitor shall wear a number. ．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．

十、need ．．．．．．(一) need doing / need to be done ．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．． ．(1) That door needs painting. ．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．． ．(2) That door needs to be painted. ．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．

注：在 need之后充当宾语的动名词形式具有被动意义。其次还要懂得，在 need．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．之后也可以用动词不定式的被动式来作宾语，两种结构的意义是相同的。 ．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．（二） need do / need to do ．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．． ．(1) Need I type this letter again? ．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．

．(2) So you needn’．t hurry with your meeting. ．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．． ．(3)You didn’．t need to tell him; it just upset him. ．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．

注：need即可用作情态动词，也可用作实义动词。用作情态动词时，它就像can, ．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．may, will一样，没有词尾变化（第三人称不加-s）, 后面跟不带to的动词不定式，．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．构成否定句和疑问句时不借助于动词而采用’．t)的形式。还有一．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．do,．．．．．．need not(needn．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．点必须记住，就是它只能用于否定句和疑问句，一般不用于肯定句。need ．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．用作实．．．义动词时，后面要跟带to的动词不定式，构成否定句和疑问句时，要借助于助动．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．词。这种用法的既可用于肯定句，也可用于否定句和疑问句。 ．do．．．．．．．．need．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．1. To succeed in scientific research project, . ．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．． ． A. one needs to be persistent ．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．． B. persistence is needed．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．． C. one needs be a persistent person ．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．． D. persistence is what one needs．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．2. You to the meeting this afternoon if you have something important to do. ．．．．． ．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．． A. needn’．t to come ’．t need come ．．．．．．．．．．．．．． B. don．．．．．．．．．．．．．． C. don’．t need coming ’．t come ．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．． C. needn．．．．．．．．．．．．

3. I want to go to see a doctor but you ．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．． with me.．．．．．．． A. needn’．t go ’．t need to go C. don’．t have to go ．．．．．．．．．． B. don．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．． D. all of above．．．．．．．．．．．． （三）didn’．t need / needn’．t have done ．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．

1. I didn’．t need to take my overcoat. ．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．我不必去取我的外套。．．．．．．．．．． 2. I needn’．t have taken my overcoat. ．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．． 我本来不必去取我的外套的。．．．．．．．．．．．．．

注：例表达在当时没有必要做某事，不含有与现实相反的含义。而例表示过．．．1．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．2．．．．去做过的事现在看来是没有必要的，因此具有与现实相反的含义。 ．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．． ．I ．to him because he phoned me shortly afterwards. ．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．． A. need have written ’．t have written ．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．． B. needn．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．． C. must have written ．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．． D. may have written ．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．

十一、 dare ．．．．．．．（一）、与一样，dare即可用作情态动词，也可用作实义动词。用作情态动词．．．．．need．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．时，它只有一种形式，后跟不带to的不定式，主要用于否定句和疑问句，而且在构．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．成疑问句和否定句时，也不借助如： ．．．．．．．．．．．．．．do.．．．．．Mr. Holmes, I dare not sleep in that room again. ．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．． 福尔摩斯先生，我再也不敢在那个房间睡觉了 ．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．

How dare you say such a thing? ．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．． 你怎么敢说这样的话呢？．．．．．．．．．．．

Now I joke and say to everyone that I dare tell my manager exactly what I think of him. ．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．． 现在我常常对大家开玩笑说，我敢于把对经理的看法如实地对他说。 ．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．

（二）、用作实义动词时，它有动词的全部形式，即现在时单数第三人称现．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．dares,．．．．．．．在分词以及过去式后跟to不定式，可以用于一切句式。如： ．．．daring,．．．．．．．．．．．．dared,．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．． He dares to behave like that in my house. ．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．． 他竟敢在我家里这样放肆。．．．．．．．．．．．． He does not dare to fight. ．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．． 他不敢打架。．．．．．．

．I have never dared to disturb you. ．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．． 我从来不敢打扰你。．．．．．．．．．

注意：作为情态动词的如同其他情态动词一样也有过去．．．．．．．．．．dare．．．．．．．．．．．．can, may, will, shall．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．形式，即：dared. ．．．．．．．．．．．如：．． She dared not answer. ．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．． 她不敢回答。．．．．．．

He the exam. ．． his parents about his failure in ．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．． A. dares not tell ．．．．．．．．．．．．．． B. dare not tell ．．．．．．．．．．．．． C. dares not to tell ．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．． D. dare not telling．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．

高考真题： ．．．．．

1. What do you mean, there are only ten tickets? There lve. 09年全国．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．． be twe．．．．．．．．．（．．．．．．卷，25题） ．．．．．． A. would ．．．．．．． B. should ．．．．．．．． C. will ．．．．．． D. shall ．．．．．．．

2. One of the few things you ．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．． say about English people with certainty is that they ．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．talk a lot about weather. (09年北京卷，25题) ．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．． ．．．．．．．．．．．． A. need ．．．．．． B. must ．．．．．． C. should ．．．．．．．． D. can．．．．．3. It with a car. ．．．． have been Tom that parked the car here, as he is the only one ．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．(09年上海卷，27题) ．．．．．．．．．．．． A. may D. should ．．．．． B. can ．．．．． C. must．．．．．．．．．．．．．．

4. This printer is of good quality. I．f ．it down within the first year, we ．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．． break ．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．would repair it at our expense. ．(09年天津卷， 15题) ．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．． A. would ．．．．．．． B. should ．．．．．．．． C. could ．．．．．．． D. might．．．．．．．

5. ------ Hi, Tom. Any idea where Jane is? ．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．． ．------ She in the classroom. I saw her just now. 09年重庆卷题） ．．．．．．．． ．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．（．．．．．．．32．．．． A. shall be D. might have been ．．．．．．．．． B. should have been ．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．． C. must be．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．6. When he the door, he found his keys were nowhere. (09年湖南卷题) ．．．．．．．． ．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．23．．．． A. would open ．．．．．．．．．．． B. opened ．．．．．．．． C. had opened ．．．．．．．．．．． D. was to open．．．．．．．．．．．7. I can’．t leave. She told me that I stay here until she comes back. ．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．． ．(09年全国卷二 20题) ．．．．．．．．．．． A. can C. will ．．．．． B. must．．．．．．．．．．．． D. may．．．．．8. ------ I don’．t care what people think. ．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．． ．------ Well, you . （09年四川卷 13题） ．．．．．．．．．．．．． ．．．．．．．．．．．． A. could D. might ．．．．．．． B. would ．．．．．．． C. should．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．

9. He did not regret saying what he did but felt that he it differently. (09年江．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．． ．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．苏卷题) ．．28．．．． A. could B. would could have D. must have ．．．．．．．express．．．．．．．．．．．．．．express ．．．．．．． C. ．．．．．．．．．．．expressed．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．expressed ．．．．．．．．．

10. The doctor recommended that you 年浙．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．． swim after eating a large meal. (09．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．江卷题) ．．13．．．． A. wouldn’．t B. couldn’．t C. needn’．t D. should ．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．11. Some people who don’．t like to talk much are not necessarily shy; they ．just be ．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．quiet people. (09年安徽卷 29题) ．．．．．．．．．．．． ．．．．．．．．．．．

百度搜索“77cn”或“免费范文网”即可找到本站免费阅读全部范文。收藏本站方便下次阅读，免费范文网，提供经典小说综合文库情态动词详解及相关高考练习题(3)在线全文阅读。