情态动词 ....
概述:情态动词顾名思义表示情感和态度的动词,比如可以表示一种不理解........................must.............
“非要”、“偏要”,或者“一定要”、“必须得”等;will可以表示一种“意愿”、“请..........................................求”;should;shall;can;.........可以表示“建议”..............可以表示“允诺”............可以表示“许可”.........may。另外大部分情态动词还可以表示一种推测和可能。但是情...可以表示“请求”..................................态动词不能单独作谓语,后面必须跟动词原形。 .....................一、must ......
(一)、must/ have to ............... Must着重表示说话人主观上的看法,有很强的个人色彩。Have to 重表.................................则着....示客观上的“必须”,如其他人、法律、自然规律、政府要求的事。 ..............................1. I must be off. .............2. Mrs. Cherrell and I have to go to a meeting now. ........................................3. We have to pay our taxes to the government. .....................................
(二)、must not/ do not have to/ needn’.t .............................. 作“必须”解的’.t), .......must, .....其否定形式.....must not (mustn................并不是“不必要”的意..........思,而是“不许”(表示绝对禁止)的意思。当表示“不必要”的意思时,只能使....................................用’.t。 .do not have to/ needn................... 1. You mustn’.t park here. (You are not allowed to park here.) .................................................你不许在这儿停车。......... 2. You mustn’.t go swimming today. ...........................你不许去游泳...... 3. He doesn’.t have to go there. ........................他没有必要去那儿。.........
4. So you needn’.t hurry with your meeting. 加会议。 ..................................你不必着急去参...........
(三)、 must have done / must be .......................
对现在的情况的推测或估计时,要使用或.................must be.......must be doing, ............而对过去的.....情况或完成的状态进行推测或估计时,则使用 ....................must have been(done).................. 1. She must be over seventy now. ..........................
2. You must have been mad to speak to the servant! She might have called for help. ..................................................................(四)、must have done / may(might) have done ................................... May+完成式与完成式所表达的意思是不同的。前者表示从现在看来过........must+.............................去可能发生过某事,而后者表示“逻辑上的必然性”,即说话人推断过去肯定发生....................................过某事。 ....
1. He may have cone by train. ....................... 2. He must have cone by taxi. .......................
3. You may have read about it in the papers. ...................................
(五)、must have done / can’.t have done .............................
当表示“肯定”或“很可能”时,must have+过去分词表示“肯定已经----”。.must............................................否定式是’.t+动词原形(推断现在)和’.t have+过去分词(推断过去)。 ....can................can.................... 1. They must have got lost. ...................... 2. They can’.t have got lost. ......................
(六)、关于的注意点 ......must........ 1. must ,“非得”的意思,在考试中也出现。 ......还有表示“偏要”.........................2. must表义务或许可,后跟动词原形,可用于肯定句和疑问句。 ............................... 3. must ,只用于肯定句 ......表推测,暗含很大的可能性................... 4. 或 not, ..在否定句中表示“不许”时,多用...............must not........can.......少用..may not........
试题: ...
1. Johnny, you ............ play with the knife, you .................... hurt youself.............
A. won’.t; can’.t B. mustn’.t; may C. shouldn’.t; must ’.t; shouldn’.t ...................................... D. can............... 2. “May I stop work a little earlier tonight?” “No, you .” ............................................. .. A. needn’.t B. mustn’.t C. won’.t D. shouldn’.t ................................ 3. “Must we do it now?” “No, you .” ......................... .. A. won’.t B. needn’.t C. can’.t D. don’.t ..........................
4. “ Must we take a bus?””No, you . You can walk from here.” .......................... ..................... A. must not don’.t must ’.t have to D. had better not to ......... B........... C. don............................
5. My sister met him at the Grand Theatre yesterday afternoon, so he ........................................................ your ....lecture. ........ A. couldn’.t have attended B. needn’.t have attended ......................................... C. mustn’.t have attended ’.t have attended .................... D.shouldn...................... 6. I was really anxious about you. You ............................... home without a word..................
A. mustn’.t .leave shouldn’.t have left C. couldn’.t have left needn’.t ............ B. ................................... D. ........leave ..... 7. ------ Is John coming by train? ............................
.------ He should, but he ing his car. ................... not. He likes driv.........................
A. must ...... B. can ..... C. need ...... D. may..... 8. There was a lot of fun at yesterday’s party. You ’.t you? ......................................... come, but why didn....................
A. must have have .......... B.should ........ C. need have .......... D. ought to .............
二、will ...... (一)、will表习惯、重复 ..............
情态动词有一个很重要的用法,就是表示习惯性、重复性或典型性的....will..............................动作。一般现在时也表达习惯性、重复性的动作,但是,使用一般现在时在于..................................强调“描述性”,而是是使用动词原形则在于强调“预断性”:动作如此经.............will+.........................常发生,如此具有习惯性或重复性,以至我们可以预断它肯定会继续发生。 .................................(二)、 will表规律 ...........
当表示某些根据自然规律必定会发生的事情时,常常使用当然也可以.........................will...........用一般现在时来代替它。在这点上它们是同义的。 ......................
0.
A. If the pure water is heated to 100C , it will boil (boils). .................................................
(三)、will ........表推测...
表示说话人对推测或估计的确信程度最大的是。下面是....................must, .....其次是...will........英语中表示推测的情态动词,其确信程度由左向右递增:might, may, chould, can, ..............................................should, ought to, would, will, must .............................. 1. There is a ring at the door. That will be the postman, I suppose. ...................................................... 2. That’.ll be my husband. He said he would phone at this time. .................................................
(四)、will have done ................ 例句中的不是用于构成时态的助动词,而是情态动词,它在这里表示推....will...............................测。与连用,表示对业已完成的动作的推测:与连用表示对...have done..........................be doing............正在进行的动作的推测。 ...........
1. They will have arrived home by now. ............................... 这时他们可能已经到家了。............ 2. We worked together for a year. He won’.t have forgetten me. ................................................. 我们在一起工作过一年,他大概不会不记得我。 ..................... (五)、won’t .........
表示“愿意”的.......will ....及其否定形式通常用于有生命体。但是,有时候也可.......................以用于无生命体。这种用法是把无生命体拟人化了。 ....................... 1. This shirt won’.t iron. ....................
2. The door won’.t open. ..................
3. This watch won’.t work. (I can’.t make this watch work.) ............................................. .(六)、will .......祈使句之后的附加疑问句...........
A. you? you?此外,还可用you? ..在肯定的祈使句之后,通常使用..............will ........can .............would .........could you? ......... 1. Bring the fruit up to the dining room, will you? .........................................
2. Teacher: Get out your books, will/ would/ can/ could you? .................................................. B. ’.t you? can’.t you? ..在肯定的祈使句之后,也可以使用...............won................ 1. Doctor: Keep still, won’.t/ can’.t you? ................................ 2. Have a chocolate, will/ won’.t you? ..............................
C. ..在否定的祈使句之后,只能使用..............will you? can you?............... 1. Don’.t forget your key, will you? ............................ 2. Don’.t make a noise, will you/ can you? ................................
三、would ....... .(一)、常见用法 ....... A .表示过去习惯动作........
One day a week he would spend the whole day in silence. ............................................ B. would用于if的条件状语从句,也表示意愿 ........................
I.f you would stand by me I should have another try. ........................................
如果你肯支持我,我就再试一次。 ...............
C. would 、“猜想”,可以译为“可能”,“也.......有一个很常见的用法:表示“猜测”.................................许”“、大概”“、想必”。Would接动词原形,表示对目前情景的猜测。 Would........................................接完成式,表示对过去发生的事情的猜测,并没有“委婉、客气”的意思。 ................................. “Who is the man you want to speak to?” “You wouldn’.t know him.”大概不认识 .......................................................I thought you would have finished this by now. ...................................... D. would 后的从句中。如: .......用于..wish............
I wish the rain would stop for moment. ............................... 我希望雨停一会儿。......... E. will和都可表示请求,指将来,用于疑问句,但用,则语气更客.......would........................would...........
气。如: ....
Would you mind closing the door? ...........................
.(二)、虚拟语气中的/ might/ could/ should .........would........................
中国学生在学习英语虚拟语气时有一个误区:认为是“也许”、“可能”......................would...............的意思。其实,would在这里是表示“肯定”意思的:说话人认为,如果if从句......................................所表达的虚拟条件实现的话,则主句所表达的结果必定实现。而仅仅表示............................might.........“可能”,could。Should..........表示“能力”或“可能”..................在英国英语中用于第一人称,.............而在美国英语中第一人称也用d. .............woul......I.f you tried again you would succeed. .............................. 如果再试一次的话,你一定成功。...............I.f you tried again you might succeed. .............................. 如果你再试一次的话,你有可能成功。.................I.f .I knew her address,I could write to him. .................................如果我知道地址的话,我就可以给她................写信了。 ....
.(三)、would/ used to ...............
Would只能用于表示过去习惯动作,而不能用于表示过去的状态,而................................used to......却可用于两种情况,would常和连用。................often, sometimes, always, for hours, of a day.........................................Used to和之不同在于有现在已无此习惯的含义,并可表一次性的.......would..........used to.........................动作。Used to和同义,表示过去经常重复的动作;在表示过去的习惯时,..........would..............................used to用于较规则的习惯。 ............... 1. He would sit here for hours sometimes, doing nothing at all. .................................................... 2. I do not swim so often as I used to. (此处不能用 ............................. ......would)...... 注意:used to不能跟表确定时间段的状语连用。 ........................ He used to live here for twenty years. (错) ............................... ...
四、ought to ......... .(一)、ought to与 ...........should......
Should和在表示“义务”、“职责”、“推论”时具有相同的含义,但.......ought to..................................should比更为常用。Ought to表示主语的义务或责任,但与不同,.......ought to................................must.......它不涉及说话人的权威,也于to涉及外界权威。说话人仅仅提.............have ......不同,它不..................醒主语注意其义务或提出劝告,或者指出一个正确或明智的行为。Ought to+完成.......................................时一般可表达两种完全不同的含义。 ................
A. ,相当于should+完成时 ..表示“本应该做,而实际没有做某事”...............................
B. ..表示推论或推测某事已经发生,含有说话人不能肯定其说法是正确的含义................................ Ought to 比语气强。Needn’.t表示某一动作不必要做;oughtn’.t .......应该必须,......should..................................to表示某一动作是错误的,与’.t类似,语气更强。Ought to+动词原形,表..............shouldn..............................示现在或将来的动作;ought to+have done是虚拟语气,表示与事实相反,这一形...........................................
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