英语高级口译资格证书第二阶段考试1(4)

今天我给各位谈谈中国的脸谱。中国戏剧脸谱的化妆艺术，有着悠久的历史。中国古代有种舞，就是驱鬼逐疫的祭祀仪式上跳的舞，跳这种舞时，舞者都戴上假面。其后南北朝和陏唐乐舞中开始用染面化妆来表现某些鬼神形象。//（此处两声滴之间插入50秒空白） 到明代，戏曲中各类角色的分工更细了，脸谱也逐渐规范化了。在清代，随着京剧的兴起，脸谱造型日趋完善。脸谱是中国戏曲特有的化妆艺术，是用写实和象征相结合的艺术夸张手法，从人物面貌上提示人物的类型、品质和性格特征。// （参考答案） Today I’d like to talk about the facial makeups / masks in Chinese operas. The art of makeups in Chinese operas boasts a long history. In ancient China, there were a form of dance which was performed at ritual ceremonies to frighten off the ghosts and to relieve people of epidemics. Masks were used by performers when they danced. In the Southern and Northern Dynasties as well as in the Sui and Tang dynasties, makeups / masks were used by performers (at the ritual ceremonies) to represent certain souls or saints / divinities.// In the Ming Dynasty, division of roles among actors became more classified, and the facial makeups were gradually standardized. In the Qing Dynasty, with the springing up of Beijing Opera, the art of facial makeups was increasingly perfected. Facial makeups are a special art in Chinese operas which distinctly show the appearance of different roles as well as their dispositions and moral qualities by means of artistic exaggeration combined with truthful portrays and symbolism.

2005年11月，试卷三

Part A

Passage 1: Information technology has opened up opportunities for new products with more advanced capabilities and new processes with much higher levels of productivity. This was true for John Rockfeller as it is for Bill Gates. For both of them, lifetime savings constituted a small fraction of total wealth. Saving money can make one comfortable in old age but never really wealthy. In what has come to be seen as the information revolution, one of the best ways of creating wealth is to invest in education, especially one’s life –long education.// （此处两声滴之间插入40秒空白） The biggest unknown for the individual in a knowledge-based economy is how to have a career in a system where there are no permanent careers. Education has been a high-return as well as a high-risk investment. When new knowledge makes old skills obsolete, firms and companies want to employ workers who already have that knowledge. In this fast-changing world, there are always young potential employees who believe that opportunities arising from new and high technology can create fortunes faster than ever before.// （参考答案） 信息技术使人们有机会开发性能更先进的新产品，采用生产力水平更高的新过程。这无论对约翰·洛克菲勒还是比尔·盖茨来说都一样。他们两人毕生的储蓄仅占全部财富的微不足道的一部分。存款可以使人晚年生活舒适，但决不可能使其真正富有。在这个被视为信息革命的时代，创造财富的最佳途径之一就是投资教育，特别是终身教育。// 在知识经济时代，对个人来说最大的未知数是如何在无终身职业的体制中拥有职业。教育是一种既有高回报又有高风险的投资。当新知识淘汰旧技术时，公司就希望雇佣掌握新知识的工作。在一个迅速变化的世界，总会出现有潜力的年轻雇员，他们变为来自高技术的机遇能以更快的速度创造财富。// Passage 2: With the European integration, in particular, the launch of the euro, the European Union has fundamentally changed the world economic pattern and successfully brought new co-operation

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opportunities to EU-China economic relations. The two-way trade has increased more than forty-fold since 1978 when China began to carry out its economic reform policy, and reached US $125 billion last year. It’s expected that European Union will increase its trade volume with China by 20% this year.// （此处两声滴之间插入40秒空白） China is now the EU’s second largest non-European trading partner after the United States, and the EU was China’ third largest trade partner last year. At the same time, the EU is the biggest supplier for China in terms of technology and equipment. It’s not surprising that although EU and China have differences in social systems, development skills, cultural traditions and values and divergent views on some issues, all these will not become elements impairing the EU-China relationship.// （此处两声滴之间插入45秒空白） （参考答案） 随着欧洲一体化，特别是欧元的发行，欧盟从根本上改变了世界经济格局，也给欧—中经济关系顺利地带来了新的合作机遇。自1978年中国开始实行经济改革政策以来，贸易来往增加了四十倍还多，去年已达到1，250亿美元。欧盟与中国的贸易额今年有望增加百分之二十。// 如今，中国是欧盟在欧洲之外的第二大贸易合作伙伴，仅次于美国。欧盟是中国去年第三贸易合作伙伴。同是，欧盟是中国技术和设备的最大供应商。难怪，欧盟与中国虽然在社会制度，发展技术，文化传统，价值观以及对一些问题的看法上存在差异，但是所有这一些都不会成为影响欧中关系的因素。//

Part B

Passage 1: 北京，这座古老而充满活力的城市，正以铿锵的步伐昂首阔步迈向国际现代化大都市之列。现代化的国际大都市需要现代化的交通。北京市已形成了现代化的立体交通网。这是一个体系完整，连接通畅，功能齐全，配套合理的现代立体交通网络。//（此处两声滴之间插入50秒空白） 飞机是现代立体交通网中最快、最方便的工具。北京现有三个机场。首都机场是中国最大的国际机场，距市中心30公里。现有2条跑道，2个候机楼，21个机位，年吞吐量高达3500万人次，航线连接世界上多数主要城市以及国内142个机场。//（此处两声滴之间插入52秒空白） （参考答案） Beijing, an energetic city with a long history, is now becoming/ rising to become one of the world’s modern metropolises. Traffic is vital for the development of the modern city. In Beijing, a modern, all-encompassing transportation network has been established. The network features a complete system of free-moving traffic, perfectly functioning and appropriate facilities.// The airplane is the fastest and most convenient means in a modern all-encompassing transportation network. There are three airports in Beijing. The Capital International Airport is the largest international airport in China. Located 30 km from the center of Beijing, the airport, which annually handles 35 million passengers, is equipped with two runways, two airport waiting rooms and 21 areas. The airport has direct links to many of the world’s large cities as well airports in the country.// Passage 2: 我们从服务国家发展全局出发，不断提高外交为国内经济社会发展服务的水平。我们积极开展文化交流，―中法文化年‖等活动促进了中国人民与世界各国人民的友谊和相互了解。在国内，我们重视公众外交，经常向群众介绍我国外交政策和实践。// 我们将继续推进平等互信、合作共赢的睦邻友好合作，稳定和发展与发达国家的关系，并深化和加强与发展中国家的团结合作。我们要不断提高应对国际局势变化和处理国际事

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务的能力，更好地为全面建设小康社会和实现祖国统一大业服务。//（参考答案） Proceeding from serving the overall situation of national development, we have constantly raised the level of making diplomacy serve domestic economic and social development. We have actively developed cultural exchanges. The ―China-France Culture Year‖ and other activities have enhanced friendship and mutual understanding between the Chinese people and people of various countries around the world. Internally, we have paid great attention to public diplomacy, and frequently introduced China’s foreign policy and practices to the masses.// We will continue to push forward good neighborly and friendly cooperation featuring equality and mutual trust, and cooperation and a ―win, win‖ effect, strengthen and develop ties with developed countries, deepen and strengthen unity and cooperation with other developing countries. We should continuously heighten the abilities to cope with changes in the international situation and to handle international affairs, render better service for building a relatively prosperous society in an all-round way and for realizing the great cause of the reunification of the motherland.//

2006年5月，试卷一

Part A

Passage 1:

Some people say that the United States is “a melting pot”. In my view, the melting pot myth is never true. The United States has always been a heterogeneous society with cohesion based partly on mutual respect and partly on one group’s values dominating all others. In a true multicultural society, individuals from diverse cultural backgrounds exist without socially enforced power differences. But that is not the case, at least, with the United States.//

In the United States, when you speak of upper, middle and lower classes you speak of power and control over material resources. Economic power in the United States today is largely held by youthful, able-bodied White males. Whites in the United States recognize the existence of a White culture. In terms of cross-cultural communication, the dominant White culture includes communication patterns of Standard English, direct eye contact, limited physical contact, and controlled emotions.// (参考答案)

有人说美国是熔炉，以我所见，有关熔炉之说从来就是一种虚构的神话。美国历来就是一个多元化的社会，不同成分之间的凝聚，部分是建筑在相互尊重的基础上，部分是建筑在一个群体的价值观支配／主宰其他群体的价值观的基础上。在一个真正意义上的多元文化社会里，有着不同文化背景的人们生活在一起，没有社会所强加的权力区别。至少美国不是这样一种多元化社会。//

在美国，当人们谈论上、中、下层阶级是他们指的是对物质来源享有的权利和控制力。今日美国的经济权在很大程度上控制在那些身体健康的白人男子手里。美国白人认识到／承认白人文化的存在。从跨文化交际的角度来看，占主导地位的自人文化所包含的内容有标准英语的交际模式、眼神的直接交流、有限的身体接触和情绪的控制等。// Passage 2:

Food is a basic need of all humans, yet it differs from culture to culture. You may have heard people ask questions like: Why should dessert be served at the end of English meals? Why do Americans still feel hungry after eating a Chinese dinner? Cross-cultural studies show that meals follow strict progression of cues based on shape, color, odor, or specific taste sensation. Elephant never appears on our dinner tables, nor dog or cat or fox. Sometimes we admit that our strong rejection of certain meat is not founded in physiology but in aesthetics. //

However, some anthropologists have argued that it is never useful to ask questions about one

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item lifted out of its cultural context. If we ask only why elephant is rejected from the diet，it will lead incorrectly to biological explanations. If biology were the basis for the selection of human foods, diets around the world would be quite similar. In fact, the selection of food is not only part of the nature of the human body, but also it is very much a matter of society.// (参考答案)

食物是全人类的基本需要，但也因文化的不同而不同.你们可能听到有人问这样一些问题：为什么在英式饭菜中最后上桌的是甜点？为什么美国人吃完中餐仍感饥饿？跨文化研究表明，每顿饭的(上菜顺序)都是严格按照某些指示性信息设计的，这些信息由菜肴的形、色、气味／给人的嗅觉以及独特的味觉构成。象(肉)从来不会出现在餐桌上，狗(肉)、猫(肉)和狐狸(肉)也不会。有时我们承认之所以拒食某些肉类并非基于生理学而是美学原因。// 然而，一些人类学者提出，脱离文化背景研究／查询某一单项(饮食习惯)决不会有实际意义.如果单独质问为什么象(肉)被排除在食物之外，会错误地导致生物学／角度的解释.如果生物学(观点)是人类选择食物的基础，世界各地的食谱则会大体相同.其实人类对食物的选择既是人体自然天性的一部分，在很大程度上也是社会现象。//

Part B

Passage 1:

女士们、先生们：请允许我介绍一下北京奥林匹克公园的建筑风格。我们在设计中给奥林匹克公园的定位是继承和延续北京传统中轴线的风格，同时通过每个建筑单位造型的新颖细致的设计体现二十一世纪“新北京”的城市风貌。//

如果把城市比做一首乐曲，那么每一座建筑就是跳动的音符，建筑群则是一段旋律。奥林匹克公园就是北京城市乐章的主旋律。其中奥运村拥有单元式住宅37万平方米，可接待17600名运动员和随行官员。无疑，奥林匹克公园将是北京社区建设的典范之作.// (参考答案)

Ladies and gentlemen，please allow me to introduce the architectural style of the Beijing Olympic Park. In our design, the Olympic Green/Park is positioned as the development and extension of the style of the Beijing traditional central axis in designing. It will demonstrate the outlook of the “New Beijing” in the 21st century by new and original designs of each building.//

If a city is regarded as a music chapter, then each building is the throbbing/vibrant musical note，and a group of buildings the melody．The Olympic Park thus can be seen as the main part of the music of Beijing City. The Olympic Village in it has 370,000 square meters of apartment buildings, which can receive 17,600 athletes and sports officials. Undoubtedly, it will become an exemplary community in Beijing.// Passage 2:

联合国每年都要讨论防治艾滋病的问题。今年的国际艾滋病大会将在曼谷举行，届时中国卫生部将派10人组成的代表团出席。近年来，我国中央政府在防治艾滋病方面做出了巨大努力，各地方政府和有关组织也采取了强有力的具体措施防止艾滋病蔓延。//

艾滋病是全人类面临的共同问题，要想有效解决这个问题，防止其进一步恶化，就需要国际社会通力合作.中国代表团将本着寻求国际合作的精神参加这次大会，我们希望通过和与会代表交流经验，采取更有效的措施来应对艾滋病问题。// (参考答案)

The topic of AIDS prevention and treatment is on the annual agenda of UN conferences. The International AIDS Conference for this year will be held in Bangkok. China’s Ministry of Health will send a 10-member delegation to attend the conference. In recent years, the Chinese Central Government has devoted tremendous efforts to the work of AIDS prevention and treatment, and the provincial governments and organizations have taken effective and specific measures to check the spread of AIDS.//

AIDS is the common challenge to all humanity. The international community needs to enhance

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cooperation to effectively address the problem and prevent it from deteriorating worldwide. It’s in the spirit of seeking international cooperation that the Chinese delegation will attend the conference. We hope that we can find ways to handle the problem more effectively through exchanges of experience with other participants at the conference.//

2006年5月，试卷二

Part A

Passage 1:

The United Nations has had no more consistent supporter than this country for its charter and the work of its specialized agencies. We take part in many UN activities. We accept the jurisdiction of the International Court of Justice and are active in development of the international law. Our country has been a member of the Organization for Economic Cooperation and Development for almost 30 years. Global economic issues are among the core elements of international relations and we give priority attention to these issues.//

Our diplomatic policy has been greatly influenced by our increasing dependence on international trade and the effects of the world economy. Our economic and political future is linked closely with those of our neighbors. We take the view that peace and prosperity in the Asia-Pacific region depends on the ability of the region's countries to cooperate to maintain economic growth and political stability. We are keen to ensure the stability and security of this region and to develop mutually profitable trade, technological exchanges and cooperation.// (参考答案)

联合国没有哪一个成员国能像我国那样始终如一的支持联合国宪章及其专门组织的工作。我们参加了联合国的众多行动。我们接受国际法庭的管辖，积极参与制定国际法。近三十年来我国一直是经济合作与发展组织的成员。全球经济问题在国际关系处于中心位置，我们对这些问题给予优先考虑。//

我国对国际贸易越来越大的依赖及世界经济(发展)极大影响了我们的外交政策。我国政治和经济前途与亚洲以及其他太平洋邻国的政治和经济前途休戚相关。我们认为，亚太地区的和平与繁荣取决于该地区各国能否进行合作以保持经济增长和政治稳定。我们迫切希望保障亚太地区的稳定和安全，发展互惠互利的贸易、投资和技术交流与合作。// Passage 2:

In the coming days and weeks, I'll talk more about what we need to do to make sure America has an energy policy that reflects the demands of a new century. The first order of business is for Congress to pass an energy bill. The energy bill must encourage the use of technology to improve conservation. We must encourage Americans to make better choices about energy consumption. We must also continue to invest in research, so we will develop the technologies that would allow us to conserve more and better protect our environment.//

The energy bill must also encourage more production at home in environmentally sensitive ways. Over the past three years, America's energy consumption has increased by about 6 percent, while our domestic energy production has decreased by about 1 percent. That means more of our energy is coming from abroad. To meet our energy needs and strengthen our national security we must make America less dependent on foreign sources of energy. The bill must also support pollution-free cars and trucks, powered by hydrogen fuel cells instead of gasoline.// (参考答案)

在接下来的几天和几周里，我将多谈些我们应该怎么做才能确保美国的能源政策反映新世纪的要求。第一步就是国会通过一项能源法案。这一法案必须鼓励人们使用节能型的技术。我们必须鼓励美国人在能源消费方面做出更好的选择。我们必须继续在研究方面进行投资，以开发那些更加节能和能更利环保的技术。//

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