2019届高考英语(外研版)一轮复习练习：选修8 3 Module3知能演练

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Ⅰ 阅读理解

A

(2018·济南高三针对性训练)The modern pizza was originally invented in Naples，Italy，but the word pizza is Greek in origin，derived from the Greek word pēktos meaning solid or clotted.The ancient Greeks covered their bread with oils，herbs and cheese.The first major innovation that led to flatbread pizza was the use of tomato as a topping.It was common for the poor of the area around Naples to add tomatoes to their yeast－based flatbread，and so the pizza began.

While it is difficult to say for sure who invented the pizza，it is however believed that modern pizza was first made by baker Raffaele Esposito of Naples.In fact，a popular urban legend holds that the archetypal(原型的) pizza，Pizza Margherita，was invented in 1890，when the Royal Palace of Capodimonte asked the Neapolitan pizzaiolo Raffaele Esposito to create a pizza in honor of the visiting Queen Margherita.Of the three different pizzas he created，the Queen strongly preferred a pie wrapped in the colors of the Italian flag：red(tomato)，green(basil)，and white(mozzarella)．Supposedly，this kind of pizza was then named after the Queen as Pizza Margherita.

Later，the dish has become popular in many parts of the world：

·The first pizzeria，Antica Pizzeria Port’Alba，was opened in 1830 in Naples.

·In North America，the first pizzeria was opened in 1905 by Gennaro Lombardi at 53 Spring Street in New York City.

·The first Pizza Hut，the chain of pizza restaurants appeared in the United States in 1958. ·Nowadays，many varieties of pizza exist worldwide，along with several dish variants based upon pizza.

【解题导语】 本文主要介绍了比萨的历史起源。 1．What’s mainly talked about in the text? A．Ways of making pizza. B．The history of pizza. C．Varieties of pizza. D．Stories about pizza.

B 解析：主旨大意题。根据第一段的“The modern pizza was originally invented in Naples，Italy，but the word pizza is Greek in origin”以及文章的整体内容可知，本文主要介绍了比萨的历史起源。

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2．What can replace the underlined word “derived” in Paragraph 1? A．Separated. C．Originated.

B．Adapted. D．Transformed.

C 解析：词义猜测题。根据第一段的“The modern pizza was originally invented in Naples，Italy”可知，此处说的是比萨起源于希腊单词“pēktos”，故画线词意为“发源，开始”，故选C。

3．How was pizza first started?

A．Ancient Greeks covered their bread with oils，herbs and cheese. B．People in Naples added tomatoes to their bread as a topping. C．Raffaele Esposito wrapped a pie in the colors of the Italian flag. D．Queen Margherita awarded her name to pizza in the Royal Palace.

B 解析：细节理解题。根据第一段最后两句可知，那不勒斯人先在面包上用西红柿作为配料，由此开创了比萨这种食品，故选B。

4．What can be learned from the text? A．Pizza remains popular around the world. B．The first Pizza Hut was opened in Naples. C．The taste of pizza stays the same over time. D．Gennaro Lombardi was the first to make pizza.

A 解析：细节理解题。根据文中的“Later，the dish has become popular in many parts of the world”和“Nowadays，many varieties of pizza exist worldwide，along with several dish variants based upon pizza.”可知，比萨现在在全世界依然很受欢迎，故选A。

B

(2018·辽宁大连双基测试)Whenever we see a button, we want to press it because we know that something will happen.This is true in most cases, for example, on a doorbell.But some buttons are actually fake(假的), like the “close” button on a lift.

Many people are in the habit of pressing the “close” button because

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they don’t have the patience to wait.But lifts’ “close” buttons are a complete trick, at least in the U．S.—the doors will not close any faster no matter how hard you press.

It started in the 1990s when the Americans with Disabilities Act was passed in the U．S., making sure that all lifts stayed open long enough so that people with disabilities could enter safely.Only repair workers can use the buttons to speed up the door closing process if they have special keys.

But to normal lift riders, the buttons aren’t completely useless.According to psychologists, fake buttons can actually make you feel better by offering you a sense of control.

“A sense of control is very important.It reduces stress and increases well-being，” said Ellen J．Langer, a psychology professor at Harvard University.Experts also added that a lot of buttons that don’t do anything exist in our lives for this same purpose.

For example, pedestrian crosswalk buttons don’t live up to their names either.Pressing them used to help make the traffic signals change faster, but that was before computer-controlled traffic signals were introduced.

But psychologists found it interesting that even when people are aware of these little “white lies”， they still continue to push fake buttons because as long as the doors eventually close, it is considered to be worth the effort.

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