习题9-3
1. 判定下列级数是否收敛,如果是收敛级数,指出其是绝对收敛还是条件收敛:
?(1)
?n?1?(?1)n12n?1?; (2)
?n?1(?1)?2(?1)n?1n?2n;
(3)
?n?1?sinnxn2?; (4)
?n?1(?1)n?11πnsinπn;
1?1?(5) ??n??; (6) 2n?110?n?1?2???n?1(?1)nn?x;
(7)
?n?1sin(2?x)n!n?; (8)
12n?1?n?1sinnxn (0<x<π).
12n?1n解:(1)这是一个交错级数Un?12n?112n?1, limUn?limn????0,
n??Un???U 由莱布尼茨判别法知?(?1)n?1n?112n?1.
1?又?(?1)n?1n12n?1???n?1111,由lim2n?1?,及?发散,知级数?发散,
n??12n?12n?12n?1n?1n1??n?所以级数?(?1)n?1n12n?12条件收敛.
(2)因为
(?1)?2(?1)n?1?2n??12n?1(?1)n?1?2n?1,故
(?1)?2(?1)n?1n?2n??1212nn?1(?1)12n?1n?1?23n?1??12n?1(?1)n?1?2n?1
????2n
?而?n?1?n12n?收敛,故?n?132n亦收敛,由比较判别法知?n?1(?1)?2(?1)n?1n?2n收敛,所以级数
?n?1(?1)?2(?1)n?1?2n绝对收敛.
(3)因为
sinnxn2?1n2?,而级数?n?11n2?收敛,由比较判别法知?n?1sinnxn2收敛,因此,
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?级数?n?1sinnxn2绝对收敛.
1πn1n2|(?1)n?1sinπn|?limn??sinπnπn?1
(4)因为limn???而?n?11n2?收敛,由比较判别法的极限形式知,级数?|(?1)n?1n?11πnsinπn|收敛,从而级数
(?1)n?11πnsinπn绝对收敛.
12n (5)因为
?1102n?1?12n?1102n?1?12n?1102n?1?,而级数?n?112n收敛的等比级数
(q?12?);由比值判别法,易知级数?n?11102n?1?收敛,因而??n?1??1?2n?1102n?1??收敛,由比较判??别法知级数?n?112n?1102n?1收敛,所以原级数?n?112n?1102n?1绝对收敛.
(6)当x为负整数时,级数显然无意义;当x不为负整数时,此交错级数满足莱布尼
?茨判别法的条件,故它是收敛的,但因?n?11x?n发散,故原级数当x不为负整数时仅为条件
收敛.
(7)因为
sin(2?x)n!n?1n!
1?由比值判别法知?n?11n!收敛(?limn??(n?1)!1n!??0),从而由比较判别法知?n?1sin(2?x)n!n收
?敛,所以级数?n?1sin(2?x)n!n,绝对收敛.
(8)因为
1nN单调下降趋于零,且部分和?sinnx有界(0?x?π),故由迪里黑里
n?1?判别法知级数?n?1sinnxn2收敛.
又
sinnxn?sinnxn?1?cos2nx2n?12n?cos2nx2n?,由于?n?112n发散,因
12n单调趋于零,
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N?且?cos2nx有界,故由迪里黑里判别法知?n?1n?1?cos2nx2n??收敛,从而??n?1?1?2n?cos2nx??发散,2n?由比较判别法知,?n?1sinnxn发散,所以,原级数?n?1?sinnxn (0?x?π)条件收敛.
注:迪里黑里判别法,若级数?unvn满足条件:
n?1n(1)部分和Sn??i?1ui是有界的;
(2)当n??时,vn单调地趋于零;
?则级数?unvn收敛.
n?1?2. 讨论级数?(?1)n?1n?11np的收敛性(p>0).
?解:当p?1时,由于?(?1)n?1n?11np???n?11np?收敛,故级数?(?1)n?1n?11np绝对收敛.
当0?p?1时,由于un?1np?1(n?1)p?un?1, limun?0,由莱布尼茨判别法知交错级数
n????n?1?(?1)n?11np?收敛,然而,当0?p?1时,?(?1)n?1n?11np???n?11np发散,故此时,级数
?n?1(?1)n?11np条件收敛.
综上所述,当0?p?1时,原级数条件收敛;当p>1时,原级数绝对收敛.
?2?2??23. 设级数?an及?bn都收敛,证明级数?anbn及??an?bn?也都收敛.
n?1n?1n?1n?122证:因为0?|anbn|??n|an|?|bn|2?2?12an?212bn
2? 而由已知?a及?bn都收敛,故?n?1n?1n?112?an,?n?12112??12bn收敛,从而??an?bn?收22?n?1?22? 38
??敛,由正项级数的比较判别法知?anbn也收敛,从而级数?anbn绝对收敛.又由
n?1n?1?222?22?(an?bn)?an?2anbn?bn,及?an,?bn,以及?anbn收敛,利用数项级数的基本性
n?1n?1n?1?22?2质知,?(an?2anbn?bn)收剑,亦即?(an?bn)收敛.
n?1n?1
习题9-4
1. 指出下列幂级数的收敛区间:
?(1)
?n?0?xn?n!xn (0!=1); (2)
?n?0?n!nnxn;
n2(3)
?n?0?2?n; (4)
?n?0?(?1)nx2n?12n?1.
(5)
?n?0(x?2)2?nnn; (6)
?n?02nn(x?1).
n1解:(1)因为p?limn??an?1an?limn??(n?1)!1n!?limn??1n?1?0,所以收敛半径r???,幂级数
??n?1xnn!的收敛区间为(??,??).
nn(2)因为p?limn??an?1ann!nn?limn??nn?1n!nn11??-1r??e. ?lim?1??e,所以收敛半径?n??pn?1????当x=e时,级数?n?0xn??n?1e,此时
nun?1un?(1?e1n)n,因为(1?1n)是单调递增
n数列,且(1?1n) nun?1un>1,从而limun?0,于是级数当x=e时,原级数发散. n??? 类似地,可证当x=-e时,原级数也发散(可证lim|un|?0),综上所述,级数?n??n?0n!nnx的 n收敛区间为(-e,e). 39 (3)因为p?limn??an?1an??limn??12n?1?(n)?212,所以收敛半径为r=2. 当x?2时,级数?n?1?xnn22?nxnn2??n?0?1n2是收敛的p一级数(p=2>1); 当x=-2时,级数?n?02?n??n?1(?1)?n1n2是交错级数,它满足莱布尼茨判别法的条件, 故它收敛. ?综上所述,级数?n?0xnn22?n的收敛区间为[-2,2]. (4)此级数缺少偶次幂的项,不能直接运用定理2求收敛半径,改用达朗贝尔比值判别法求收敛区间. 令un?(?1)2nx2n?12n?1,则limn??un?1un?limn??2n?12n?3?x2?x. 2当x?1时,即|x|?1时,原级数绝对收敛. ??n当x?1时,即|x|?1时,级数?|un|发散,从而?(?1)n?0n?02x2n?12n?1发散,当x?1时, ?级数变为?(?1)n?0n12n?1?;当x??1时,级数变为?(?1)n?0n?112n?1;它们都是交错级数,且 满足莱布尼茨判别法的条件,故它们都收敛. ?综上所述,级数?(?1)n?0nx2n?12n?1的收敛区间为[-1,1]. (5)此级数为(x+2)的幂级数. 因为p?limn??an?1an?limn??n2(n?1)?12. 所以收敛半径r?1p?2,即|x?2?|2时,也即?4?x?0时级数绝对收敛.当 |x?2|?2即x??4或x?0时,原级数发散. ?当x??4时,级数变为?(?1)n?0n1n1n是收敛的交错级数, ?当x=0时,级数变为调和级数?n?1,它是发散的. 40 百度搜索“77cn”或“免费范文网”即可找到本站免费阅读全部范文。收藏本站方便下次阅读,免费范文网,提供经典小说综合文库微积分(二)课后题答案,复旦大学出版社(9)在线全文阅读。
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