The teacher raised his voice on purpose that the students in the back could hear more clearly. ①目的状语从句通常由 (so) that, in order that引导,在口语或非正式文体中，有时也会用that或so引导。in order that 引导的目的从句可以放在主句后面，也可放在主句前面，而so that引导的从句通常放在主句后面。目的状语从句中的谓语常含有may(might), can(could), should, will等情态动词。
e.g He always takes a seat in the first row so that/in order that he can hear better.
（也可说成He always takes a seat in the first row so/that he can hear better.但用的较少。） =In order that he can hear better, he always taked a seat in the first row.
The actress wore ordinary clothes in order that/so that she might not be recognized easily. =In order that she might not be recognized easily, the actress wore ordinary clothes.
②in case, for fear that, lest 等也可以引导目的状语从句，表示 “以防…、以免…” 。 e.g He left early in case he should miss the train. Take your raincoat in case it rains/should rain.
Mother hid the sweets and chocolates lest/for fear that her son should see them.
5．结果状语从句
常用引导词： so? that, such ? that （so + adj./adv. 置于句首，引起倒装） 特殊引导词：such that, to the degree that, to the extent that, to such a degree that He got up so early that he caught the first bus. It’s such a good chance that we must not miss it.
To such an degree was he excited that he couldn’t sleep last night.
1）结果状语从句常由so that, so… that, such… that等引导，放在主句之后，so…that与such…that句型在一定条件下可转换。 so+形容词（副词）+that so+形容词+a(an)+单数名词+that so+形容词+不可数名词 so+形容词+复数名词
such+a(an)+形容词+单数名词+that
e.g It is such a good story that I’ll never forget it.
It is such a heavy box that nobody can move it away.=It is so heavy a box that nobody can move it.这个箱子太重了没有人能搬的动。
在口语中也可用that引导结果从句。例如： What have I said that he should be so angry with me?
2）so that引导结果状语从句和目的状语从句的辨别
so that从句之前有逗号的常为结果状语从句，因表示某一行为带来的结果，从句中的时态常为过去式；so that从句中有may(might), can(could), should, will等情态动词的通常是目的状语从句。例如：
I wrote as clearly as possible so that I might get high marks. （目的） I wrote as clearly as possible, so that I got high marks. （结果） He went to the lecture early so that he could get a good seat. （目的） He went to the lecture early, so that he got a good seat. （结果）
3）so, that和so that
这三个连词都可以引导结果状语从句。so that最常用，so和that多用于口语或非正式文体中。so that从句常用逗号同主句隔开。
e.g He made a wrong decision, so that half of his lifetime was wasted. 他做了错误的决定，结果毁掉了半生。
What happened that she looked so worried and disappointed?她看上去如此忧伤、失望，究竟发生了什么事情？
He didn’t abide by the contract, so he was fined. 他没有遵守条约，因此被罚了款。
6．条件状语从句
条件状语从句可分为真实条件句和非真实条件句，非真实条件句在虚拟语气中有详细表述，这里只讨论真实条件句。条件状语从句和时间状语从句一样，表示将来要用一般现在时。 常用引导词：if, unless
特殊引导词：as / so long as, only if, providing/provided that, suppose that, in case that, on condition that
We’ll start our project if the president agrees.
You will certainly succeed so long as you keep on trying.
Provided that there is no opposition, we shall hold the meeting here. 注意：
1）有时可以把祈使句作为条件从句，祈使句后面要搭配and，如： Come tomorrow, and I will tell you. (= If you come tomorrow, ?)
Give him an inch and he’ll take a mile. (= If you give him an inch, he’ll ?)
2）if only是if的强调式，通常表示说话人的愿望，如： If only it clears up, we’ll go.
If only somebody had told us, we could have warned you.
If only I hadn’t been late for work. (I wish I hadn’t been late for work.)
3）在真实条件句中，从句动词通常用一般现在时表示将来时间，主句通常带有情态动词， If you move, I’ll shoot you.
If I press this button, what will happen? If you come, you can see it. If you finish early, you may go.
注① 当从句表示将来已经完成或正在进行的动作时，动词用现在完成时或现在进行时， I will return the book on Monday if I have read it.
The police won’t take your car away if you are sitting in it.
注② 如果从句表示现在的意图、意愿、决心等，则可以用will / shall，如： If you will read the book, I’ll let you have it. If you will help me, we can finish by six.
If you will give up smoking / drinking, your health will improve.
4）unless 从句中可用否定词，而 if ? not 从句中不可再加否定词，因此在 unless 引导的否定从句中，不可用 if ? not 代替 unless ，如： I will go unless no one else does. I will go if no one else doesn’t. ×
Don’t ask me to explain unless you really don’t understand. Don’t ask me to explain if you really not don’t understand. ×
7．让步状语从句
常用引导词：though（although）, even if（even though）
特殊引导词： as（用在让步状语从句中必须要倒装； though 可以倒装也可以不倒装），while (一般用在句首, =though)，no matter ?, in spite of the fact that, whatever, whoever, wherever, whenever, however, whichever
e.g Much as I respect him, I can’t agree to his proposal.尽管我很尊敬他我却不同意他的建议。 The old man always enjoys swimming even though the weather is rough. No matter how hard he tried, she could not change her mind. He won’t listen whatever you may say. 让步状语从句的几点说明；
1）though, although不与but连用，但可以和yet, still连用，如： Though he is over seventy, yet / still / nevertheless he can ride the bike.
2）if 有时也可以用于让步含义，但要注意条件if 与让步if 的区别，试比较： If he is poor, how can he buy the house? (条件) If he is poor, he is at least honest. (让步) (= even if)
3）even if/though含有退一步想的意思（有时用于虚拟）
e.g I’ll try it, even if/though I may fail. 我会试试，即使我可能失败。
4）as（though）引导让步从句一般不置于句首，而将从句中的表语或谓语动词或状语置于句首，用倒装结构：形容词/副词/动词/分词/名词+though（as, that）+主语+谓语。 ① 表语的倒装：
Tired as he was, he still went on with his work.
但如果是单数名词或形容词最高级作表语，不再用冠词，如： Teacher as Michael is, he is not capable of teaching all subjects. Youngest as he is in our class, he speaks English the best.
② 状语的倒装：（这时不可在状语之前加very, much等修饰语） Much as I admire him as a writer, I do not like him as a man. Hard as I studied, I could not catch up with them. ③ 谓语动词的倒装：
Try as he would, he could not remember a word of it. (= No matter how he would try ?) Hate him as we may, we must admit his greatness.
5）while (= although),它引导的让步状语从句只能前置，位于句首，如：
While I admit that the problems are difficult, I don’t agree that they cannot be solved. 注意比较下列各句：
While I admit his good points, I can see his shortcomings. (让步状语从句) While I was reading, the light went out. (时间状语从句) He is idle, while his brother is diligent. (转折、对比，并列分句)
6）whether?or?引导的让步状语从句为也称为“选择条件-让步状语从句”，可位于主句之前或之后，如：
Whether or not it rains, I’m giving a party tomorrow.
We hold that all countries, (whether they are) big or small, (whether they are) rich or poor, should be equal.
She had to go, whether or not she wanted it.
7）由连接代词whoever, whomever, whatever, whichever, wherever, however引导的让步状语从
句：
“no matter+疑问词”引导让步状语从句相当于“疑问词＋ever”.
no matter who=whoever, no matter what=whatever, no matter which=whichever, no matter where=wherever, no matter how=however
e.g No matter when/Whenever you call on me, you are welcome.无论你什么时候来都是受欢迎的。
No matter who/Whoever you may be, you have no right to do such a thing. 不管你是谁，你都没有权利做这种事情。
8）注意以上几种结构的省略形式：
e. g However difficult the task (may be), it will be fulfilled on time. Whatever the difficulties (may be), they must and can be overcome
Though(it was) cold, he still wore a shirt. 天气虽然冷，他仍只穿意见衬衣。
8．比较状语从句
常用引导词：as（同级比较）, than（不同程度的比较）
特殊引导词：the more ? the more ? , just as ?, so?; A is to B what / as X is to Y, no ? more than, no ? less than, A not so much as B e.g She is as bad-tempered as her mother. The house is three times as big as ours. The more you exercise, the healthier you will be.
Food is to men what oil is to machine. 食物之于人，犹如油之于机器。
9．方式状语从句
1）方式状语从句常由 (just) as, as if/though引导，表示动作的方式。 e.g Do exactly as the doctor says.
He walked slowly as if/though he had hurt his leg. 注：在非正式文体中有时会用like代替as引导方式从句。
2）as if/though 引导的状语从句，若描述非事实情况，常用虚拟语气，若描述的是实际情况，用陈述语气。
e.g She treats the orphan as if/though he were her own child. （他是孤儿，当然就不是她的亲生孩子，故用虚拟语气。） It looks as if/though it’s going to rain.
（本句用的是陈述语气，说明天真象是要下雨了。）
百度搜索“77cn”或“免费范文网”即可找到本站免费阅读全部范文。收藏本站方便下次阅读，免费范文网，提供经典小说综合文库英语中的各种从句详解(4)在线全文阅读。
相关推荐：