研究生学术综合英语补充课文的原文翻译和习题答案(2)

Lesson Two

Ethics and Competitiveness

Preparing to Read Tips for the teacher

The text is about ethics in business; hence the purpose of this exercise is to let the students understand how important ethics is in doing business. The teacher can adopt several steps achieving the aim. First, let the students talk about the various businesses that involve ethics. Second, let the students understand the dangers of illegal business practices in American or Chinese corporations, so that the students' interest in the text will be aroused. Background Information

1. Introduction to the author and the text: John F. Akers, born on 28 Dec. 1934 chairman and CEO of IBM 1985-1993.

A graduate of Yale, Mr. Akers joined IBM in 1960 as a sales trainee in San Francisco following active duty as a Navy carrier pilot. After various marketing assignments, he was named president of the Data Processing Division, then IBM's largest domestic marketing unit, in 1974 at age 39. He became a vice president in 1976, a senior vice president in 1982 and president in 1983. This article \competitiveness - putting first things first\1989 in Sloan Management Review, winter, 69-71.

2. American Education System: Most Americans attend twelve years of primary and secondary school. With a secondary school \diploma or certificate, a student can enter college, university, vocational (job training) school, secretarial school, and other professional schools.

Primary and Secondary School: Begins around age six for U.S. children. They attend five or six years of primary school. Next they go to secondary school, which consists of either two three-year programs or a three-year and a four-year program. These are called \school\or \high school\and \high school\(often just called “high school\primary and secondary school the first through twelfth \ Higher Education: After finishing high school (twelfth grade), U.S. students may go on to college or university. College or university study is known as “higher education.\ find out which level of education in your country corresponds to the twelfth grade in the U.S.A. You also should ask your educational advisor or guidance counselor whether you must spend an extra year or two preparing for U.S. admission. In some countries, employers and the government do not recognize a U.S. education if a student entered a U.S. college or university before he

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or she could enter university at home. 3. Henry Wadsworth Longfellow (1807-1882): American poet, one of the most popular and celebrated poets of his time. Born in Portland, Maine (then in Massachusetts), Longfellow was educated at Bowdoin College. After graduating in 1825 he traveled in Europe in preparation for a teaching career. He taught modern languages at Bowdoin from 1829 to 1835. In late 1835, during a second trip to Europe, Longfellow's wife, Mary Storer Potter, died in Rotterdam, the Netherlands. Longfellow returned to the United States in 1836 and began teaching at Harvard University. In 1843 he remarried, to Fanny Appleton. After retiring from Harvard in 1854, Longfellow devoted himself exclusively to writing. He was devastated when in 1861 his second wife was burned to death in a household accident. He commemorated her shortly before his own death with the sonnet \Cross of Snow\(1879). In 1884 a bust of Longfellow was placed in the Poets' Corner of Westminster Abbey in London; he was the first American to be thus honored.

《人生颂》 A Psalm of Life

——年青人的心对歌者说的话 Henry Wadsworth Longfellow

朗费罗

不要在哀伤的诗句里告诉我： Tell me not, in mournful numbers, “人生不过是一场幻梦！” \灵魂睡着了，就等于死了， For the soul is dead that slumbers, 事物的真相与外表不同。 And things are not what they seem. 人生是真切的！人生是实在的！ Life is real! Life is earnest! 它的归宿决不是荒坟； And the grave is not its goal; “你本是尘土，必归于尘土”， \thou art,to dust returnest,\这是指躯壳，不是指灵魂。 Was not spoken of the soul. 我们命定的目标和道路 Not enjoyment, and not sorrow, 不是享乐，也不是受苦； Is our destined end or way; 而是行动，在每个明天 But to act, that each to-morrow 都超越今天，跨出新步。 Find us farther than to-day. 智艺无穷，时光飞逝； Art is long, and Time is fleeting, 这颗心，纵然勇敢坚强， And our hearts, though stout and 也只如鼙鼓，闷声敲动着， brave, 一下又一下，向坟地送丧。 Still, like muffled drums, are 世界是一片辽阔的战场， beating 人生是到处扎寨安营； Funeral marches to the grave. 莫学那听人驱策的哑畜， In the world's broad field of 做一个威武善战的英雄！ battle,

别指望将来，不管它多可爱！ In the bivouac of life, 把已逝的过去永久掩埋！ Be not like dumb, driven cattle! 行动吧-趁着活生生的现在！ Be a hero in the strife! 心中有赤心，头上有真宰！ Trust no Future, howe'er pleasant!

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伟人的生平启示我们： 我们能够生活得高尚， 而当告别人世的时候， 留下脚印在时间的沙上； 也许我们有一个兄弟 航行在庄严的人生大海， 遇险沉了船，绝望的时刻， 会看到这脚印而振作起来。 那么，让我们起来干吧， 对任何命运要敢于担戴； 不断地进取，不断地追求， 要善于劳动，善于等待。

Let the dead Past bury its dead! Act, - act in the living Present! Heart within, and God o'evhead! Lives of great men all remind us We can make our lives sublime, And, departing, leave behind us. Footprints on the sand of time.; Footprints, that perhaps another, Sailing o'er life's solemn main, A forlorn and shipwrecked brother, Seeing, shall take heart again. Let us, then, be up and doing, With a heart for any fate;

Still achieving, still pursuing, Learn to labor and to wait.

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