英美概况—英国历代君王及大事简介1(4)

e IV Liverpool (1820- George 1830) Canning Viscount Goderich Duke of Wellington 13. Industrial dogma—ChareRevolution ls Darwin On 14. the beginning of the Origin of Napoleonic Species by War,Lord Natural Nelson-the Selection(1895) renowed British Admiral. 15. 1812: British warships seized sailors from American ships-provoking War of 1812 16. 1815- Abroad: Battle of Waterloo- Allied armies defeated Bonaparte under the leadership of Lord Wellington. In Nov.，England, Russia, Austria and Prussia signed the Quadruple Alliance/Vienna Settlement to ensure the quarantine of France Home：economic changes-agriculture improved,countryside to larger farms;rural unemployment increased;industrial cities grew rapidly,economic subjects exploited.;problems hightened by bad postwar-harvest,European

Earl Grey W Willia1830-1834 m Viscount W IV Melbourn(1830- e 1837) 1834 Robert T Peel 1834-1835 Reduced the death penalties and the restrictions on colonial trade with Europe;removed restriction on Catholicism in Ireland; founded the first regular police force in England. Victoria (1837- 1901) Viscount MelbournWhig e (1835-1841) Robert T Peel 1841-1846 John W Russe 1846-1852l Earl of T Derby 1852 Earl of Peelite Aberdeen 1852-1855 Viscount Liber-

competition,restrictive tariff on foreign grain kept high&starvation,parish system failed the needs. In 1830,a combination of liberals from both parties defeated the Tories; passed the Reform Bill in 1832-1st step toward universal suffrage; Two party-system:excuti- ve&opposition In 1833, the Factory Act In 1843, the New Poor Law Working Class: 1837-1848: the Chartism-working-class asking for right to vote; 1846：Corn Laws-reducing the price of bread; Education: The 1870 Act-laid the foundation of compulsory,free public education. Ireland: the 1840 Irish potato famine” In the 1870‘s, Charles Parnell Symbolizing the 19th Century England, stuggled shifted to social classed for representation in Parliament. Imperialism.

Palmerston 1855-1859 Earl Russell 1865-1866 Earl of Derby 1866-1868 Benjamin Disraeli 1868 William Gladstone 1868-1874 Benjamin Disraeli 1874-1880 William Gladstone 1880-1885 Marquess of Salisbury 1885-1886 William Gladstone 1886 Marquess of Salisbury 1886-1892 William Gladstone 1892-1894 Earl of Roseberry 1894-1895 Marquess of Salisbury 1895-1902 al L T Con- serv-ative L C L C L C L L C organized the Irish Nationalists in the English Parl. into a well-disciplined group. In 1885, PM Gladstone proposed a Home Rule Bill,giving Irish their own Parl. Warfares: 1854~1856: the Crimean War-a balance-of-power war ,during which In 1885, a Home Florence Rule Bill,giving Irish Nightingale created nurse as a their own Parl. profession for woman Colonies： 1．White-dominated countries-the British North American Act(1867-loose confederation of states in Canada, Australia granted local governmen in1855, New Zealand in 1856 2. Countries with prolonged civil. Sudan,Somaliland, Kenya,Uganda,Zimbabwe,Gambia,Sierra Leone,the Gold Coast&Nigeria-loss of national culture.

Edward VII (1901- 1910) Arthur Balfour 1902-1905 Henry Campbell- Bannerman 1905-1908 Herbert Asquith 1908-1916 Con- serv-ative Li- beral L Exception of South Africa :the Boer War(ended in1902) The Union of South Africa(1910) 3.with prolonged civil. India remained governed and exploited by England. Son to Q. Victoria Crisis of Identity British industry and mercantile power challenged by those of other nations; British imperialism rivaled by the US;Europe divided into hostile camps;Irish on the point of revolt;Women pressuring for right to vote&labor strikes. Windsor

GeorgHerbert e V Asquith (1910- 1908-1916 1936) Coal ition David Lloyd Coal George ition

1.World War I (1914-1918) Allies（Britain,France, Greece, Italy,Japan,Russia,Serbia and the US）vs Central Powers(Germany, Austria-Hungary&Tur-key) In 1919, the Versailles Peace Treaty and Wilson‘s proposal of “Fourteen Points” The League of Nation Britain divided with France the control over German-held territory in Africa and the Near East. 2.Post-war depression: Indutrial competition from US, Can,and India. Economic grew in declination. 3.The Conservative and Labour Programs:differences-C:self-sufficient system; L:natinonalization. 4.Politics—reforms: expansion of voting rights in 1918and 1928. In 1929, NY Stock Market Son of Edward VII ; the Hanoverian monarchy is renamed the House of Windsor

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