英美概况—英国历代君王及大事简介1(2)

Edward VI Mary I 1547-1553 1553-1558 Elizabeth I 1553-1603 England on equal terms in the first Act of Union; 4. Middle-class dominated Parliament in favor of the King 5. Anti-clerical Revolution,1554 the Act of Supremacy- Dissolution of monasteries 6. 1537-1542: Irish anarchy, ―Pilgrimage of Grace‖ by Catholic the Statute of the Six Articles Parliament‘s effort Uncles served of religious unity as regents 1.Married to Catholic Elder daughter Spanish King to PhilipII,turning HenryVIII,selecEngland a vassal of ted by the Privy Spain; Council, Roman 2. Lost the last Catholic, French lands-the Port Bloody Mary. of Calais-as a result of supporting Spain against French in war; 3. appointed Catholic as the Archbishop of Cantebury and Catholic worship returned to local churches. 1.two disarstrous 1. crisis: war with Younger policies aggravated Catholic Spain daughter of the Irish problems: caused by HenryVIII,

Catholic hatred of Protestantism and English rivalry for global trade&ultimate control of oceans; the destruction of Spainish Armada in 1588 and GB ruled the sea; 2. 1597-1601:Hugh O‘Neil Revolt 3. the flourishing of culture Renaissance(Shakespeare, Marlowe,Donne, Johnson, Francis Bacon, Harvey, Gilbert, King James Bible of 1611) 4. the economic prosperity based on individual enterprise in many fields The Stuart and Commonwealth James I 1603-1625 1.peacefully united 1.1621. The House the England and of Commons drew Scotland in politics; up the Great 2. New ways to raise Protestant-first of revenue without the great documents parlimentary of English approval:selling Revolution. nobilities&awarding 2. 1624, Chales‘ Elizabethan betrothal to French monopolies Catholic Princess. 3.the failed attempt of 3. the origin of openly seeking a GUY FAWKES

a. granting the aristocracy commercial and estate monopolies in Ireland for money&support; b.sent poorly trained highly ambitious and avaricious favorites as military commanders to Ire. Protestant, Catholic illegitimate, Intelligent, highly-educated, proud, calculating, self-control, rivaled by Mary Queen of Scots, A politician and a survivor. Grandson of Henry VII, Son to Queen Mary of Scots, highly-educated, conceited and stubborn

Catholic Spanish princess as daughter-in-law,starting the fires with Parl. 4. No bishop, no king. Favored the High Church. Charles I 1625-1649 Day. 4. 1607, the establishment of the first English colony in North America on the Atlantic coast at Jamestown, Virginia for commercial reasons. 1620, the second at Polymouth Massachusetts, founded by Pilgrims for religious reason. 5. 1609,the first English factory establish in India. 1.1628, the Petition of Right, first stating some most basic rules of modern constitutional government; 2. 1629, King dissolved parliament and imprinsoned 9 leaders in London Tower; 1629-1640:non-parliament rule; 3. 1638, Scottish rebellion: fuse of the English Revolution. 4. Charles reconvened the parliament in need of money-Short Parl.-soon dissolved. Son of James I, beheaded by order of the RUMP parl.

Oliver Cromwell 1649-1658 5.Scotts invaded England-Long Parl. of the Revolution-Parl. abolished taxes and unpopular royal administrative courts & meet every 3 years. 6. Irish rebellion, massacring northern Irish Protestants; 1641, Grand Remonstrance. 7. the Civil War (1642-1649) 1. claimed the England republic as Commonwealth; 2. 1651, the Navigation Act-embargo on Dutch Shipping; 3. 1654,solved Scottish and Irish problems with violence 4. 1652,English ships defeated the Dutch and mastered the northern sea. 5. Dissolved the Rump and established himself as ―Lord Protector‖, chose New Parliament based on the Patriotic Englishman, strong-minded, stubborn, no pathological drive for power, puritan, Lord Protector

Richard 1658-1660 Cromwell Restored Stuart Charles II 1660-1685 1. dissenters were excluded by Parliament particularly in the accsess to Uni, resulting in the domination of a nonconformist consciense in public life; 2. Disarsters:the Black Death(1665-1666);the Great Fire in London 3. Dutch War of 1665-1667,England seized commercial supremacy from the Dutch. 4. 1670, the Hudson Bay Company was granted exclusive right to trade by the Hudson Bay in Canada.

only written constitution of England-the Instrument of Government. 6. Puritans passed ―blue laws‖ in an effort to impose puritan lifestyle in the country by Selected parliament; chief minister of Parliament dominates the monarchy; period of public pursuit of pleasure, loose morals,festive court life and indecent wit

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