英美概况—英国历代君王及大事简介1

Date Rule Germanic/Scandinavian Rule 871-899 1. Defeated―Danla w‖ expansion & regained land 2. established navy and Alfred the garrison Great 3. introduction of Christanity to Dames, first public schools for noble descendances and magistrates 4. Anglo-Saxon Chronicle Edward the elder Athelstan Monarch Chronology of British Government of Deeds Events Comments Anglo-Saxon Wessexline Edgar the 959-975 Peaceful Ethelred the 978`1016 Unready Canute 1016-1035 Edward the 1042-1066 Confessor Harold Godwinson 1066 Anglo-Saxon Wessexline; Son to Alfred Anglo-Saxon Wessexline; Son to Edward Anglo-Saxon Wessexline Invaded England Anglo-Saxon Wessexline; Sweyn Forkbeard, King of Denmark 1.chosen as king by Scandinavian Witan;2.United Conqueror England, Denmark and Norway. 1.facilitated the Son of Ethelred Norman the Unready Conquer;2.Norman feudal system adopted defeated Earl of Wessex Norwegians

Norman French Rule 1066-1087 5-steps to strengthen 1. defeated Harold William I reign in England: and crowned 1.crushed all William I at resistance,built Westminster castles for protection Abbey on 2.broke up Saxon Dec.25,1066 earldoms established centralized royal government. 3.vicomtes 4.slovent royal treasury, royal coinage 5.allied with Roman Catholic Church William II 1087-1100 Murdured William the Conqueror, French duke connected to the Wessex Line who favored by Edward the Confessor Henry I Altered the relationship between King and his followers:1.chose bishops 2.accepted money from Barons instead of military service-exchequer Stephen 1135-1154 1.20-years of civil &Maud war and anarchy; 2.agreement to Stephen‘s rule and Henry II‘s succession. Angevin French – Plantagenents Henry II 1154-1189 1.reform of legislative system 2.claimed vast territories in France and Ireland through various family connections; 3.altered the relationships between secular and religious

1100-1135 William Rufus, 2nd son to William I 3rd son of William I Stephen:Grandson to William I; Matilda: Daughter to Henry I Son to Maud

Richard I 1189-1199 John 1199-1216 Henry III 1216-1272 authorities -murdered of Thomas Becket/failure in reforming canon law; 4.invaded and established English kingdom in Ireland. 1.Three Crusades for control of holy sites in the Near East; 2.imprisoned by Christan allies for ransom 3.fought in France 1.raised property taxes; 2.struggles with Pope Innocent III and invasion of Philip Augustus Oldest surving son of Henry II; Richard the Lionhearted In 1215. Tenant 2nd surving son Rights movement & of Henry II Magna Carta Edward I 1272-1307 1. civil war in Son to John 1263 and Disarstrous baronial triumph; 2. establishment of parliament 1.began the Hundred 1.1348-1349:DavasSon to Henry III Year‘s War against tation of black war; death resulting in the death of 3/8 population-labor shortage; 2.1351:the futile Statute of Laborors Military control over laboring class underwent changes: shift from old knight&castle system to expert archers&engineers; 3. Tensions between classes

hightened by religious dissension; 4. nationalism aroused, English gained popularity Richard II 1377-1399 Confiscated the 1.1378-1380,‖Head estates of his uncle Tax‖ imposed by John, violating the John of Gaunt; law of inheritance 1381, Peasants‘ Revolt Lancatrians Henry IV 1399-1413 1.Rebelled by cousin Henry, defeated Richard 2and forced him to abdicate and murdered him; 2.illegally seizing power-lost the protection of laws of inheritance-spent much of his reign suppressing rebellion. Henry V 1413-1422 Asserting authority both in France&at home Henry VI 1422-1461 Deposed by Edward War of Roses Yorkist and murdered (1455-1485) (1461) Yorkists Edward IV 1461-1470 Briefly ousted from 1471-1483 power by his brother Clarence & his previous supporters in 1470. Edward V 1483 Murdered Richard III 1483-1485 Defeated and killed The Battle of in the Battle of Bosworthy Bosworthy by Henry Tudor Tudors HenryVII 1485-1509 1. united the House of

Son to the Black Prince, Grandson to Edward III Grandson Edward III,consin Richard to to Weak King with divided government Grandson Edward III of Brother Edward IV of Grandson EdwardIII; of

HenryVIII 1509-1547 Yorkists and Lancastrian by means of marriage with Yorkist‘s Elizabeth and established the Tudor House. 2. the Star Chamber-consolidation of his position; 3. Morton‘s Fork-turned treasury deficit into a surplus; 4. the threat of revocation to gain trading prileges for English merchants abroad; 5. Education funds 1. Cardinal Wosley-last established the concept ―Balance-of-Power‖ as basis of English foreign policy,1521 crisis 2. creation of the Royal Navy, strengthening central administrative &maintaining adequate supervision of local government 3. 1535-incorporrated Wales & Earl Richmond. of Son of Henry III;selected by Privy Council;Welshman

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