英美概况—英国历代君王及大事简介1(3)

James II 1685-1688 1687, issued a ―Declaration of Indulgence‖ 1688,fled to France. The bloodless Glorious Revolution (1688-1689) William III 1688-1702 &Mary II Ann 1702-1714 1. Bill of Rights 2. 1690,Battle of Boyne, James II and his supporting Irish Roman Catholic defeated, thus Irish R.C were deprived the rights of education and commercial participation; 3. 1701, Parliament passed the Act of Settlement,promising the crown to the Protesetant Sophia, which directly paved way for the Hanover‘s rule;establishing the Parl‘s right to decide who would rule. 1702,first English Daughter daily newspaper:the James II Daily Courant 1707,England and Scotland formally united under the name of Great Youger son of Charles, outspoken Catholic, I exiled by Parl. Rule by Mary, the elder daughter of James II and her husband, William of Orange of

Monarch George I (1714- 1727) Prime Minister Robert Walpole (1721- 1742) Party Whig Britian. Hanoverians(German Line) Deeds Events 1. Status:the First Lord of the Treasury the confidant of the king and the leading minister in the Cabinet most influential member of the Whig in the HOC. 2. Principal: make the country prosperous by encouraging trade and industry; 3. trying to reduce political and religious strife&avoid foreign entanglements. 1737, position weakened because of the death of Q.C; 1742, resigned. 1. the emergence of Cabinet and the Prime Minister. 2. 1727, Robert Walpole became P.M. Comments Grandson of James I, not interested in England at all.; George II (1727- 1760) Robert Walpole (1727- 1742) Earl of Wilmington(1742- 1744) Henry Pelham (1744- 1754) Duke of Newcastl-e (1754- 1756) Whig Whig Whig Whig 1.the Seven Year‘s War between Austria and Prussia,France for A while Britan for P. 2. in 1757, William Pitt the elder became a leader in English Government, which was the first instance in English history of a king being compelled to accept a distrusted and disliked man as Son of George I; Peppeted by Queen Caroline and P.M. Walpole in politics.

Duke of Devonsh-ire (1756- 1757) Earl of Bute (1762- 1763) Tory Tory George III (1760- 1820) George Grenville (1763- 1765) Marquess of Rocking-ham (1765- 1766) William Pitt the Elder (1766- 1768) Duke of Grafton (1768- 1770) Lord Frederick North (1770- 1782) Marquess of Rocking-ham Whig Whig Whig Whig Tory Whig PM. 3.fighting France in Europe, America and India. 4. General Wolfe‘s English army defeated the French foreces led by General Montcalm at Quebec, leading to the French control of Canada and resulted in the Peace Treaty of 1763, France ceded Canada to GB. 1. Whigs lost divided and lost support; 2. forced Pitt to resign by refusing to declare war on Spain as a first step to increase power. 3. 1763, the Seven Year‘s War ended, gained lands from Peace of Paris. 4. 1760-1770:a capricious Cabinet 5. 1776,Adam Smith published An Inquiry into the Nature and Causes of the Wealth of Nations 6. During 1750-1761:battlFarmer George; Taught by his mother exaggerated ideas of royal power; wanting the crown to resume administering affairs and determining government policy ; wanting direct authority over cabinet in the place of the Parl.

Earl of Shelburne (1782- 1783) Duke of Portland 1783 William Pitt, the Younger (1783- 1801) Whig Coa- lition Tory In 1781,elected to Parl. 1782, chancellor of the exchequer 1783,the youngest P.M. Principal: 1.eliminating the national debt, 2 cutting down on government expenditures 3.organizing a system of auditing the national accounts 4.introducing order to the national finances chaos. 5.advocating the abolition of the slave trade,parliamentary reform and the removal of restrictions on Roman Catholics. 6. 1789,preventing the influence of French revolution from spreading in England;1794,suspended he Habeas Corpus Act Achievements:Commercial treaty with France in es with France for commercial control in India, Rober Clive managed thriumph-made the East India Company a territorial power.-1784 Pitt‘s India ACT-making the governor-general supreme&creating a Board of Control. 1789, consolidation by Richard Wellesley 7. After 1783 550male and 200female convicts sent to Austrilia for the reliefe of congesgtion in Enlish prisons and settled in Sydney in 1788. 8. 1773,acknowledge the independence of North American colonies. 1774, the Quebec Act granted Catholic religious freedom and permitted French law to remain in force in all

Henrt Adding- ton Tory (1801- 1804) William Pitt, the Younger Tory (1804- 1806) William Grenville Whig (1806- 1807) Duke of Portand Tory (1807- 1809) Spencer Perceval Tory （1809- 1812） Earl of Liverpool Tory (1812- 1827) 1787;success in incoorperating Irish in to the British system of gvnmt by Act of Union. 7. India Act of 1784 Georg

Earl of Canadian civil matters.-1791 the Canada Act-divided the Canadian settlements into two provinces-Ontario& Quebec. 1778,lost American colonies&national debts increased tremendously as a result of his personal rule. 9. 1780,a resolution calling for a restriction on the crown was passed. 10. 1783,William Pitt the younger elected P.M. 11. 1800,Act of Union,merging the British and Irish Parl and leading to ―the United Kingdom of Great Britian and Ireland. 12. 1790, Edmund Burke publish Reflections on the Revolution in Freance against the French Revolution; Thomas Paine‘s Rights of Man in protest to Edmund. Culture: Jane Austin(1775-1817),Charlotte Bronte(1816-1855),Charles Dickens(1812-1870),Mrs Elizabeth Gaskell(1810-1865),Anthony Trollope(1815-1882), Thomas Hardy(1840-1928) Science: Major scientific theory clashed with religious

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