高考英语阅读理解专题讲义

高考英语阅读理解之技法与实践

-----题型识别与解题技巧点拨和实践

莘村中学卓青-Quincy

I. 阅读理解题的主要类型

1.判断指代内容

2. 语意转换题

3. 是非判断题

4. 数字计算题

5. 归纳主旨要义（中心思想）

6. 选择文章标题

7. 猜测词句意义

8. 先后排序题

9. 作者的观点态度10. 推断题( 1）因果推断题2）推断隐含意义3）推断写作目的4）推断文章出处)

II、阅读理解题型识别

今年高考英语阅读题共有4篇短文，这4篇中有易有难，而每篇短文中的几道题也有易有难，你能够以最快的速度判别出易、难篇以及识别出各篇中的易、难题，进而从易到难，各个突破吗？下面把阅读短文中常见的题型归类，供同学们参考识别。

一、主要事实或特定细节题(较易) e.g.

1. Y ou can not travel to Indianapolis by ________. A. boat B. train C. bike D. by air

2. Many buildings In Indianapolis are white because ____________.

3. One reason that might explain her pin’s sleeplessness was _________.

4. The Norwegian Government tried to __________.

5. When did the armed policemen arrive at the hotel?

6. Why did Ron Mackie leave school at sixteen?

*计算题(中等难度), 如英语周报第26期C篇的44题:

How many German scientists mentioned in the passage won the Nobel Prize in Physics in 1986?

A. One

B. Two

C. Three

D. Four

二、猜测词义、句意题(中等难度) e.g.

1. The underlined words “stap up” means ______.

2. The underlined phrase “canned music” (in paragragh1) refers to ________.

3. The underlined word “context” (in paragraph3) most probably means “________”

4. According to this passage, the “quality food” fed by some parents is actually _____

5. From the first paragraph, we know “… they are all just a few clicks away” means “_______”

三、先后排序题（中等难度）

如. 题干：What’s the correct order of the following events?

a.The man got on a rock below the falls.

b.The man was taken to hospital.

c. The man jumped in the falls.

d.Two American tourist took photos of the man.

A. a, b , c , d

B. c , d ,a , b

C. c , a , d, b

D. d , c , b , a

四、主题思想（中心思想）题（包括给短文选标题）（中等难度）e.g.

1.The main subject of the passage is _______.

2.What is the story mainly about? _______

3.What is the main idea of the paragraph / this passage? ________

4.The main idea of the passage is that __________.

5.What does this passage/ paragraph mainly discuss? __________

6.Which of the following is the best title for this passage? _________

7.What would be the best title / headline for the text?

五、推理判断题（难度最大）e.g.

1.From the story we can infer that the first man who was put into stocks in Boston was ___

2.We can infer from the passage that _________.

1

3.According to the text, which of the following is Not True? (逆问句子提问)

4.Which of the following is True according to the passage?

5.From the passage we can draw/reach/ arrive at a conclusion that ________

六、作者观点、态度和写作意图题（难度较大）e.g.

1.What is the author’s main purpose? __________

2.What is the writer’s attitude towards TV? __________.

3.What is the purpose of writing this article? __________.

4.According to this passage the writer is trying to _________.

5.According to the passage, the writer thinks that _________.

练习：请根据下列各题识别出阅读题型（把相应的字母代号填入括号内）

A. 主要事实或特定细节题（包括计算题）。

B. 猜测词义、句意题。

C. 句子排序题。

D. 主题思想（中心思想）题。

E. 逻辑推理和判断题。

F. 作者观点、态度和写作意图题。

1.Y ou can infer from the passage that _________. ( )

2. Give the right order of surname development in history. ________ ( )

A. b-a-e-c-d

B. a-b-c-d-e

C. a-b-c-e-d

D. b-a-c-e-d

3. The passage mainly tells us _________. ( )

4. The cause of Markov’s death was that _________. ( )

5. What does the underlined word “straightforward” in the last paragraph mean? ( )

6.The purpose of writing this passage is to __________. ( )

III. 阅读理解的解题技巧与实践

1、判断指代内容

特点：要求考生根据语境判断代词（this, that, it, they, them, one, both 等）或代动词（do, does, did, do that 等）究竟指代什么。

题干：1. what does the underlined phrase “…” refer to?

2. what does the underlined word “they” refer to?

3. The underlined word “them” refers to ________.

4. What does the word "one" in the line mean ?

5. The words "did so" in the last sentence mean _______.

解题技巧：一般说来，代词的指代内容大多在这一句的前、后句中，特别是前句中，或者是前几句中，有的甚至指代前一段话中的某个内容，找到指代的内容后把它放在那个代词的位置上，看看这句话是否合理，与前后的内容是否一致，然后再判定它是否为正确答案。如、1."Y ou comforted me in my darkest hour,V ince, Y ou've found a way to deal with your own frustration. By destroying the porch, you let the sunshine in, I like it very much"

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