牛津英语 m5u1 全单元解析及训练

Unit 1 Getting along with others

Welcome to unit & reading

精讲典析 1. Discuss friendship and practice agreeing and disagreeing.（page 1） 讨论友谊，并练习表示赞同或不赞同。 （1）practice 在句中作及物动词，表示“练习”、“训练”，是英式英语，美式英语作practise。例如：

He caught at every opportunity to practice the piano. 他力图抓住每个练钢琴的机会。 ①practice还可表示“积极从事”。例如：

We must practice strict economy in all fields. 我们在各方面都要厉行节约。

注意：practice后接动名词作宾语，不能跟不定式作宾语。构成句型：practice doing sth.，不能用practice to do sth。例如：

She practiced singing a new song. 她练唱了一首新歌。 ②practice还可用作不及物动词。例如：

The volleyball players practice six hours every day. 这些排球运动员每天练习六个小时。 惯用结构：

practice on sb/sth 利用某人/某物练习

You can practice it on me. 你能在我身上做练习。 She often practices on the piano. 她经常练习钢琴。 ③practice作名词表示“练习”、“训练”或“习惯”，是不可数名词。例如： We have practice today at four o‘clock. 我们今天4点有练习。 Practice makes perfect.（谚语）熟能生巧。

He followed his usual practice of doing the work. 他遵循了自己的做事习惯。 惯用结构：

in practice 实际上；开业 out of practice 久不练习

put into practice 实施；实行?

It sounded like a good idea, but in practice it didn't work. 这听起来像是个好主意, 但做起来却行不通。

I haven‘t played tennis for years, so I‘m really out of practice. 我已经多年不打网球, 技术已经完全荒疏了。

How are you going to put the plan into practice? 这个计划你们打算怎样实施？ （2）disagree意为“不同意”、“不一致”，是agree的反义词；dis-是常用的否定前缀。例如：

First of all, let‘s see where we agree and disagree. 首先，我们来看看我们的共同点和不同点在什么地方。

惯用结构：

disagree with 与??不相称；与??意见不同

You will not disagree with that, will you? 您不会不同意，是吗？ 名词形式：disagreement

2. What do you think the proverbs tell us about friendship and getting along with others?（page 1）对于友谊和与他人相处之道，你认为这些谚语告诉了我们什么呢？

（1）do you think在句中作插入语，在有do you think的特殊疑问句中，虽是疑问句，句子却要用陈述语序。 句型：

特殊疑问词+ do you guess/do you believe/ do you suppose/did you say+陈述句 Which train did you say you had taken? 刚才你说你乘坐了哪一趟火车？

Whom do you suppose I should see first? 您认为我该先见谁？

What do you think are the most important characteristics in a friend? （page 1）

（2）get along ①生活；活下来

How are you getting along/on? 你过得怎样？

It‘s difficult to get along with so little money a month. 每月靠这么点钱很难生活的。 ②与??和睦相处

We find it hard to get along with Li Ming. 我们发现与李明相处很难。

They seem to get on pretty well with each other. 他们看来彼此相处得很不错。 ③进展；进步

How did you get along in your driving test? 你的驾驶考试进展如何？

Is she getting along all right in her new job? 她在新的工作岗位上情况不错吧?

3. I must have sounded very proud of myself after the test, saying loudly how easy it was and how I was sure to get a good mark. 考试完后，我的口气听上去一定很是自鸣得意，因为我嚷嚷着说考试是多么容易，我定能得高分。（page 2, lines 8－9） （1）“must+完成时”表示对过去事情语气比较肯定的推测。例如:

I thought that Hannah must have deliberately told everyone about my mark after promising not to.（page 2, lines 20－21）

我想汉娜肯定是出尔反尔，有意将我的分数透露给了大家。 How they must have laughed behind my back. (page 2, line 22） 他们在我背后一定是笑得合不拢嘴。

① “must+完成时”结构的反义疑问句，疑问部分应根据must后的动词形式采用相应的形式，可用have (has)，也可用did。但若句中出现了过去时间状语，则只能用did。 He must have read it, hasn‘t /didn‘t he? 他一定读过它，是吗? He must have left yesterday, didn‘t he? 他昨天一定走了，是吗?

② 表示推测的否定结构要用“can not /can‘t”, 或者是can +其他具有否定意义的副词。例如：

You can‘t be tired — you‘ve only been working for an hour. 你不可能疲倦，你只工作了一小时。

There‘s no light on – they can‘t be at home. 灯没亮，他们一准没在家。 She can‘t have left school, for her bike is still here. 她不可能离开学校，她的自行车还在这儿。

They can hardly have intended to do that. 他们几乎不可能愿意做那事。

（2）sound 在句中做连系动词，意为“听起来”，后面接形容词或作形容用的过去分词做表语，有时也可接名词。例如：

The report sounds true. 这报告听起来很真实。

That sounds a good idea, don‘t you think so? 这听起来是个好主意，你说呢？ sound 后面有时跟like 引导的介词短语。

That sounds like a big improvement. 这听起来像是重大的改进。

① sound作连系动词时其后不接副词。但不用作联系动词时可用副词修饰。例如： A cracked bell can never sound well. 破钟无好音。

② sound不用于进行时。即使表示当前正在发生的事情也不用现在进行时，而用一般现在时。例如：

How sweet the music sounds! 这音乐听起来真甜美！

His conclusion certainly sounds reasonable. 他的结论听起来确实有一定的道理。

4. I didn’t feel like I was overlooking my studies, but maybe I could work harder in Maths.（page 2, lines 12－13）我并没觉得自己学习不用心，但或许我该在数学上加把劲了。 （1）feel like 是个习惯用语，在句中表示“觉得??”，此外，feel 、like还有 “想要（做）某事情‖, 其后接sth / doing sth，构成句型：feel like sth./doing sth.。例如： Do you feel like a walk? 你想去散散步吗?

I was so upset that I felt like crying. 我心烦意乱得要哭了。 feel like还表示“摸起来像是??”或“有??的感觉”。例如：

This new man-made material feels like real leather. 这种新型人造材料摸起来像真皮一样。 (2)含feel的其他常考句型： ①feel+宾语/宾语从句

I felt a great weight taken off my mind after the exam. 考完后，我觉得心中放下了一个大包袱。

He felt that his experiment would succeed. 他认为，他的实验会成功。 ② feel+宾语+宾语补足语（do, doing, done）。宾语补足语可以是名词、形容词、动词、不定式、分词等。例如：

He felt himself a fool. 他觉得自己是一个傻瓜。

He felt himself forced to take action. 他觉得自己是被迫采取行动。 I felt ground give way under our feet. 我感觉我们脚下的地面塌陷了。 I felt something crawling up my arm. 我觉得有东西爬上了我的胳膊。

注意：feel后面的复合宾语中宾语补足语如果是不定式，要省略不定式符号to，但如果用be?作宾补，那么前面要加to。例如：

I felt myself to be honest. 我觉得自己很诚实。 ③ feel + it+宾语补足语+真正的宾语

I felt it his duty to tell the police what he knew. 我觉得他把自己知道的告诉警察是他的职责。

④feel as if觉得；仿佛

I feel as if I had become much younger. 我觉得自己似乎年轻了许多。（从句表示虚拟情况） I feel as if it is hard to breathe. 我感觉呼吸困难。（从句表示真实情况）

5. I was determined to be cheerful, but Hannah sensed something was wrong.（page 2, lines 14－15）我决心要开心一点，但汉娜还是感觉到哪儿有些不对劲。

(1) 辨析：decide，decide on，make up one‘s mind，determine

① decide“决定”，强调经过考虑或商量，决定是否做某事。例如： He decided to go himself. 他决定亲自去。

She has decided that she will be a doctor. 她已决定将来当个医生。 ② decide on有从几件事中选择 ―决定‖ 做某事的含义。例如： He has decided on where to go. 他已经决定去哪儿。 Have you decided on where you‘ll spend your holidays? 你是否已经决定到什么地方去度假? ③ make up one‘s mind 表示“下决心”、“决意”，强调打定主意、不动摇之意。例如： Have you made up your mind about it? 关于这件事, 你拿定主意了吗? They made up their minds to sell the house. 他们决定把房子卖掉。 ④ determine表示“决心”、“决定”，表客观促成的决心或主观下定的决心，常用于以下句型：

a) determine sth. ―决定……‖。例如：

The experiences of childhood determine the adult‘s character. 童年的经历可决定成年后的性格。

He has not determined what he will study. 他还没有决定学什么。 b) determine on/upon sth 对某事下定决心。例如： They determined on an early start. 他们决定早些出发。

He determined on carrying out the experiment. 他决定要进行这次试验。 c) determine to do sth. 决心做某事。例如： I determined to travel no farther that night. 那天晚上我决心不再继续游玩了。 He determined to go at once. 他决心立刻就走。 d) be determined to do sth 决心做某事。例如：

I am determined to do better than Mike. 我决心比迈克做得更好。 e) determine sb. to do sth. 使某人决定做某事。例如：

His advice determined me to drink and smoke no more. 他的劝告使我决定不再抽烟喝酒。

6. We went to wash our hands in the girls’ toilet before lunch and I admitted how badly I had done.（page 2, lines 15－16）午饭前，我们一起去洗手间洗手，我承认了我考得有多糟糕。

(1) 辨析：admit, recognize

① recognize 指正式承认主权、权利等。例如：

Many countries recognized the new government. 许多国家承认了新政府。 These qualifications are recognized by the Department of Education. 这些证书得到教育部的认可。

② admit 通常指因外界压力、良心或判断而―承认、供认‖某事的存在或真实性, 含―不情愿‖之意, 其后可接名词、动名词和从句做宾语，也可接复合宾语。admit还可表示―许可进入‖。例如：

You must admit that the task is difficult. = You must admit the task to be difficult. 你得承认这项任务是困难的。

He was honest enough to admit his mistake. 他够诚实，承认了自己的错误。 She admitted making a mistake. 她承认犯了一个错误。

The old are admitted free to the museum. 老年人可免费进入博物馆。 I cannot admit you into the theatre yet. 我不能让你进入剧场。

7. However, the next day, I noticed that my classmates were staring at me as I came into Maths class.（page 2, lines 18－19）然而第二天，我一走进数学课堂就注意到同学们都在盯着我。

辨析：stare at; gaze at; glare at; glanced at

① stare at指睁大眼睛长时间“凝视”目标或方向，有好奇、吃惊、傲慢、粗俗或无理的含义。例如：

She couldn‘t believe her eyes, staring at the price of the diamond. 她盯着那颗钻石的价格，简直不敢相信自己的眼睛。

The little child stared at the toys in the shop-window. 那小孩盯着商店橱窗里的玩具。 ② gaze at指带着有兴趣或惊奇的心情，深情地、如神地、惊异地“注视”。例如： She gazed at me for a long time before she recognized who I was. 她注视着我好久, 才认出我是谁。

The climbers stood on the top of the mountain, gazing at the splendid view. 登山队员们站在山顶, 凝视那壮丽的景色。

③ glare at指凶狠地或恐吓地“瞪眼；怒目而视”，强调敌对或威胁的态度。例如： Don‘t glare at me like that, and it is right for me to have scolded you. 不要那么瞪着我,训斥你是对的。

She advanced a step or two and glared at them. 她向前走了一两步,目光瞪着他们。 ④ glance at指粗略地“一瞥；扫视”，与have（或take）a glimpse at相当。例如： I glanced quickly at her. 我很快地看了她一眼。

She glanced at herself in the mirror. 她在镜子面前照一下自己。

8. I thought that Hannah must have deliberately told everyone about my mark after promising me not to.（page 2, lines 20—21）我想，定是汉娜不守诺言，故意把我的分数告诉了每个人。

（1）mark

① vt. 在??留下痕迹；标出；给??打分

Today's ceremony marks 100 years of trade between our two countries. 今天的仪式是纪念我们两国间的贸易往来100周年。

He marks the score in the basketball match. 他在篮球比赛中担任记分员。 ② n. 痕迹；标记；分数

The spilt coffee has left a mark on the table cloth. 洒出来的咖啡在桌布上留下了印渍。 On your marks, get set, go! 各就各位，预备，跑！

He walked on air for getting a high mark. 他因得了高分而洋洋得意。

（2）after promising me not to后省略了tell everyone about my mark，用to代替整个不定式。例如：

— Let‘s go for a walk. 咱们去散步吧。 — I don‘t want to. 我不想去。

9. I was so angry that I went straight to Hannah and told her we weren’t going to be friends any more because she couldn’t keep her word. （page 2, lines 20—21）我非常生气，于是直冲到汉娜面前，向她挑明：因她失信于我，我不愿再和她作朋友。 （1）辨析：no longer, no more, not...any longer, not...any more

① no longer / not...any longer侧重于“时间”，侧重于现在与过去的比较，可以与延续性

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